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EN
The painting technique of Michael Willmann discloses the influence of the greatest Baroque masters — Rembrandt and Rubens. The style devised by the master from Lubiąż is sufficiently characteristic to render his canvases easily recognisable among the extensive heritage of the seventeenth century. Two paintings from the Lubiąż series — The Martyrdom o f St. Peter and The Martyrdom o f St. Paul, executed in 1661, are an example of mature artistic skill. The conservation of the canvases, conducted in 1998 - 1999, made it possible to establish numerous interesting details of the Willmann technique. The paintings, 3,95 x 2,84 m. large, are executed on thick, hand-woven linen, with a simple weave. The canvases are stretched on wooden frames, bound with glutin glue and covered with red priming. The painter began with a shaded sketch, in which the blank spaces w ere marked with zinc white. The characteristic feature of the Willmann style is the fact th a t the initial drawing and red priming shine through many parts of the painting. The artist applied a perfectly mastered alla prima oil technique, consisting of w ide brush strokes, whose traces are discernible in the thick paint layer. Some parts of the canvases were completed by means of glazing. The wooden frames of the compositions are richly embellished with painted marmorisation, gilt and silver plating.
EN
The conservation and restoration of the paintings and frames of The Martyrdom o f St. Peter and The Martyrdom o f St. Paul by Michael Willmann took place in 1998-1999. The paintings in question were commissioned by Arnold Freiberger, the Cistercian abbot of the monastic church in Lubiąż, and were one of the first from a great cycle of several score canvases executed by this artist. Conservation was conducted in situ , in the gallery of the church of St. Stanisław Kostka in Warsaw, where the paintings are kept since 1952. The fact th a t they are displayed in the church apse, where they frame the main altar, together with the large size (285 x 295 cm.) of the paintings meant that the fundamental goal of conservation was the restoration of the original aesthetic and religious merits. The successive task, connected with the considerable weight of the canvases and frames (more than 250 kg. each), consisted of reinforcing the mechanical resilience of the old duplication, which it was decided to keep. The ensuing work involved repair, total cleaning, and the supplementation of missing fragments of the paint layer. Taking into consideration the fact that at least three previous conservations had been carried out in the nineteenth and twentieth century, it was necessary to perform all the operations exceedingly carefully and after scrupulous studies and tests, to avoid damaging the objects or weakening their already undermined mechanical resistance. The removal of varnish and dirt from the surface of the paint layer was conducted gradually, and the entire process was controlled in UV light, in order n o t to excessively clean the extremely dry and, in places, baked paint. Retouches of the paint layer were limited to inevitable spots, so as n o t to lose the rubbings, incomplete painting and translucence, characteristic for the author. It was decided to conserve and restore the frames, with the exception of a reconstruction of missing elements of the carving.
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