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K článku Jany Valdrové „Žena a vědec? To mi nejde dohromady.“

100%
Chromy J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2008
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vol. 69
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issue 4
197-201
EN
This paper reacts to the article by Jana Valdrova, 'Zena a vedec? To mi nejde dohromady' (Nase rec 1/2008). This reaction is based on some doubtful aspects of the research presented: 1. Jana Valdrova uses the concept of markedness in a nontraditional sense compared to the one known, for example, from Roman Jakobson. The problem with which she is concerned is not a question of whether a generic masculine noun is or is not unmarked, but rather, a question of the frequency of one of the meanings of the unmarked member of the correlation pair. 2. The selected method of testing the associations evoked by the generic masculine does not prove the statement that 'generic masculine is usually associated with the image of a man', because it leaves out the role of the context and does not analyze the plural forms of the professions examined. In this paper, the author proposes another test to prove the assumptions in a slightly more effective manner.
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Ideje klasického Pražského lingvistického kroužku jsou i dnes aktuální

63%
Sgall P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2008
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vol. 69
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issue 1-2
33-44
EN
Ideas concerning several areas are still fruitful: (1) The concept of markedness as underlying the difference between the centre of the language system, patterned in a relatively simple way, and its vast and complex periphery. (2) Dependency (valency) based syntax, tested in detail and enriched in the Prague Dependency Treebank. (3) The description of the topic-focus articulation, connected with the scope of negation, presupposition and allegation; the fundamental nature of the articulation and a relatively perspicuous description of its interplay with syntactic dependency within the underlying sentence structure. (4) In linguistic typology, a single basic structural property of every type: the manner of expression of grammatical values is favourable to the other properties. (5) The stratification of Czech as a national language, with colloquial speech exhibiting an oscillation of forms of the 'literary' norm and of Common Czech. This attitude is only slowly finding its way into school education. (6) In the field of word formation, attention is focused on the transition zone towards morphemics. (7) In the study of the process of communication, the degrees of activation in the stock of shared knowledge are especially significant.
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