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1

Marksizm w rozumieniu Czesława Miłosza

100%
Tuz-Jurecka E.
Prace Literackie
|
2011
|
vol. 51
109-116
EN
The article presents Marx’s and Engels’ views on nature and history, as well as the views of the Polish Nobel laureate on Marxism. Miłosz remained under the spell of the Marxist way of understanding the world for quite a long time. The notions that the reality on the move is a constant struggle, that history is the process of human self-fulfilment and extension of nature were very close to him. In the 1930s, the author of The Captive Mind remained “musical” to Marxism. Later, he would consistently analyse it, revealing it as weak and evil. He was never comfortable with leftist totalitarianism. He always rebelled against the “metaphysics” of Marxism-communism and “letting the devil in by the side entrance,” i.e. replacing God with history, with the doctrine of its all-powerfulness, despite being, after all, convinced that history, just as nature, was governed by iron historical necessity and that the universal killed the particular. When analysing the effects of the overwhelming influence of the “snowballing force” of history on the individual, he tried to capture “the eternal moment” in the “movement” and attempted self-definition in the river of time.
2

„Tygrys” contra „Mefisto”. O ataku Krońskiego na Ingardena po 60. latach

100%
Kobiela F.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2011
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vol. 39
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issue 4
85 - 100
EN
The article is intended to be a contribution to the history of Polish philosophy in the 20th century. It presents Tadeusz Kroński's review of Roman Ingarden's Controversy Over the Existence of the World. The review was published in 1952 in "Myśl Filozoficzna", a journal dominated by Marxist philosophers. The character of this journal is discussed, as well as the ideological context of Kroński's offensive review entitled The World in the Brackets of Ontology. The author discusses this review as a part of the Stalinization of Polish philosophy. Kroński's motives and the significance of his review are analysed in the context of Józef Tischner’s account presented in "The Polish Form of Dialogue".
3
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JOSEF LUKL HROMÁDKA: V KOMUNISMU SE PROJEVUJE NEZADRŽITELNĚ DYNAMICKÁ SÍLA ŽIVÉ KŘESŤANSKÉ TRADICE

100%
Novotný V.
Studia theologica
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2013
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vol. 15
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issue 2
31–44
EN
The study provides insight into the attitudes of Czech Christians towards Marxism in the period of the so-called pre-totalitarian regime over the years 1945 to 1948. It introduces two of the most significant forms of ideological discussions between Czech Christians and Marxism and Communism of those times which are represented by the Catholic Josef Zvěřina and the Protestant Josef Lukl Hromádka. It demonstrates that both of these authors were open to the project of social equity, collective collaboration and more equitable distribution of capital. They were of the opinion that everything which was right in Communism was merely a development of that what was typical for Christianity and what could only find its proper place and crowning within integral Christianity. They rejected atheism. Zvěřina believed that ideological and practical atheism was such a key aspect of Marxism that it led towards such a different conception of human society which was impossible to coexist with Communism. Hromádka, in contrast, operated with the idea of non-atheistic Communism and from this derived the possibility that peaceful collaboration between communists and Christians could lead towards its surmounting.
4

ČERNÍKOV PROJEKT METODOLÓGIE VIED: TEORETICKÁ RETROSPEKTÍVA

100%
Halas J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2022
|
vol. 77
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issue 8
575 – 589
EN
Václav Černík (1931 – 2017) was one of the founders of the modern philosophy of science in Slovakia. This paper focuses on his lifelong project of founding a Marxist methodology of science based on a reconstruction of Marx’s Capital. The project had three main pillars: (1) a theory of a new type of scientific law, (2) dialectics as a theory of philosophical categories, and (3) a historical account of types of rationality. In the paper, we contextualize the various stages of the project: from Černík’s early works on scientific laws and thought experiments to his attempt at constructing a system of categories, as well as publications in methodology after 1989. Our critical assessment shows that Černík was the first who deal with certain topics in the Slovak context. His approach had also certain advantages vis-à-vis with other attempts at the time, especially due to the author’s open-minded attitude to modern logic and Western philosophy of science. On the other hand, the project was never finished and it left a number of characteristic problems unsolved (e.g., the nature of dialectical contradictions, difficulties with using logical instruments to formulate philosophical intuitions).
5

A Kantian in the Today World

100%
Okopien K.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
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vol. 6
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issue 3-4(18)
155-169
EN
The paper - written and published (which is significant) during the martial law - focuses on relations that keep Leszek Kolakowski's thought in the realm of Kantian thinking. The movement in this realm has a form of going away and coming back. Kolakowski goes away from Kant by recognizing that it is culture and not transcendental consiousness that is the realm of positing and criticising the values. At the same time the need to come back to Kant stems from the dilemma of critique of totalitarianism. Such a critique must adopt Marxian idea of the collective human being as necessary to understand the totality of the system, and yet reject it with the system, while coming back to abstract, aprioristic, formal and postulative Kantian humanity.
6

Antytotalitaryzm zintegrowany Józefa Marii Bocheńskiego

100%
Rzegocki A.
Studia nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi
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2011
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vol. 33
493–503
EN
Father Professor Józef Franciszek Emanuel Innocenty Maria Bocheński, OP, cannot be excluded from the ranks of the most prominent Polish experts on Marxist philosophy and sovietologists. He was both a thinker and a “human institution,” a person of clearly anti-Communist views, who devoted the better part of his life to a multi-faceted struggle against totalitarianism. Phenomenon, which was the personality, activity and thought of Father Józef Maria Bocheński, cannot be understood by concentrating only on part of his achievements and interests. In order to understand his importance as an extremely significant point of resistance against every totalitarian doctrine, we have to look at Father Innocenty in the most comprehensive way possible. In my opinion, his opposition against totalitarianism not only possessed a purely intellectual dimension but was also intrinsically connected with his personality. The whole way of life and thinking of Bocheński was saturated with the notion of liberty, both in individual and communal context. His aversion towards every attempt at enslavement had strong foundations, probably deriving from the period of his childhood. That is why, in order to grasp what is most important for Bocheński, we should remember almost every aspect of his activities and interests; all of them carried an immense anti-totalitarian message. Apart from his philosophical and popularizing achievements, the organizational activity and the very personality of the monk also remains of crucial importance. His eccentric behavior is to this day recollected with sentiment by pupils of Professor Bocheński (and not only by them). The upbringing in Polish culture was the keystone of pro-liberty attitude and diverse endeavors of Józef Maria Bocheński. Polish culture became a major foundation of the anti-totalitarian attitude of Polish logician.
7

K RECEPCI ADORNOVY METODY V AKTUÁLNÍCH PODOBÁCH KRITICKÉ TEORIE

100%
Nový M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2016
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vol. 71
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issue 3
173 – 185
EN
The essay deals with the reception of Adorno’s method in critical theory’s contemporary forms. Firstly, it explores the Marxist methodological root of Adorno’s theorizing in the concept of exchange (Adorno has slightly modified Marx’s argumentation in Capital by focusing on the exchange process rather than on the value-form). Secondly, the essay criticizes Habermas’ and Honneth’s interpretations of Adorno’s approach: both of them are unable to explicate Adorno’s dialectical materialism. That is why in Habermas and Honneth the critical theory collapses into a form of transcendental thought. Thirdly, against Habermas and Honneth, the essay argues that Sohn-Rethel’s critical Marxist proposal to reconstruct critical theory as a dialectical exposition (Darstellung) of capitalism – the historically determinate society premised upon the totality of ‚real abstractions‘ – provides much better initiation to Adorno’s method.
8

DIE RENAISSANCE IN UNGARN UND ITALIEN AUS MARXISTISCHER UND NATIONALER PERSPEKTIVE. BEOBACHTUNGEN ZUR SITUATION IN UNGARN VOR UND NACH 1945

100%
Born R.
ARS
|
2015
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vol. 48
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issue 2
160 – 178
EN
Renaissance, and especially the figure of Matthias Corvinus, represents from the beginning to the national emancipation in the late 18th century, an important unit in the public perception and later in the state politics of history. In addition to focusing on their own national cultural heritage that plays also an important role the view of the development of Renaissance art in various regions of Southern and Western Europe. The article tries to contextualize the art historiographic positions in Hungary in 1948-1989. In the interwar period, the foundations for two movements were laid.
9

FILOZOFICKO-LITERÁRNA ČINNOSŤ MILANA ZIGA V ŠESŤDESIATYCH ROKOCH MINULÉHO STOROČIA

88%
Plašienková Z.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 10
853 – 864
EN
The contribution offers a critical survey of philosophic-literary writings of the Slovak philosopher Milan Zigo (with a special attention paid to his reflections and reviews) which appeared in the 1960s in the journal Slovenské pohľady. Distinctive features of Zigo’s insights are identified, whose leitmotif is seen by the author as Zigo’s implicitly critical attitude towards the one-sided ideologization of Marxist philosophy. Further, attention is paid to particular issues investigated by Zigo: his understanding of humanism, the relationship between philosophy and humanities, as well as between philosophy and literature and, last, but not least, the dialogue with Western philosophies is underlined.
10

BETWEEN EMANCIPATION-ORIENTED CULTURAL PROJECT AND TOTALITARIAN SUBORDINATION. ANALYSIS OF THE POSTURES OF POLISH AND POLISH-JEWISH MEMBERS OF LITERARY LEFT OF THE INTERWAR PERIOD IN THE LIGHT OF MARCI SHORE'S STUDIES (Polish title - below)

88%
Kendziorek P.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2010
|
issue 3(235)
283-325
EN
(Title in Polish - 'Miedzy emancypacyjnym projektem kulturalnym a totalitarnym podporzadkowaniem. Analiza postaw polskich i polsko-zydowskich przedstawicieli lewicy literackiej okresu miedzywojennego w swietle badan Marci Shore'). The article examines the Marxist involvement of intellectuals from leftist literary circles in pre-WWII Poland, especially in the context of the participation of people of Jewish origin in this community. The author critically analyses the subject matter, referring to historical analyses articulated in Marci Shore's book 'Caviar and Ashes'. In this context he points to the political and intellectual diversity of Marxism of the 1920s and 1930s, and identifies the factors that made left-wing radicalism attractive to a large part of leftist Jewish intelligentsia. At the same time he points to ideological problems with tackling the issue of leftist political and cultural radicalism, which was a product of the pressure exerted by right-wing anti-communist ideas prevalent at the time (a concept that he criticizes).
11

'Matzpen' and the State of Israel (1962-1973)

88%
Grabski A.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2006
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issue 3(219)
345-365
EN
The article deals with the criticism of the nationalist-cum-religious nature of the State of Israel, developed by the Israeli New Left organisation commonly known by the name of its press organ 'Matzpen' (Hebr. compass). The development of Matzpen's anti-Zionist concepts is shown from the birth of that organisation to Yom Kippur war (of 1973). The views of Matzpen are juxtaposed to the classic anti-Zionist document of Marxist Left that was independent of the Kremlin, namely, the resolution 'Israel vs. the Arab Revolution', passed by the U.S. Socialist Workers' Party (SWP) in 1971. The position of Matzpen, which acknowledged Israel's right to existence, was to become a minority view among the New Left organizations, compared to the denial of such right, represented, for example, by the aforementioned SWP. Despite its small size, Matzpen and its activists staying in the West were profoundly significant for the New Left, providing it with evidence that radical anti-Zionism free of any suspicions of anti-Semitic inspiration was possible.
12

POSTAVENIE RÍMSKEHO PRÁVA V SOCIALISTICKEJ SPOLOČNOSTI A FENOMÉN SOCIALISTICKEJ PRÁVNEJ ROMANISTIKY

88%
Gregor M.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
|
2018
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vol. 101
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issue 1
27 – 42
EN
The submitted contribution focuses on the status of Roman law in the context of socialist jurisprudence. It tries to analyse various theories of Marxist ideologists and Romanists on the effectiveness and importance of the Roman law in socialist society, based on which it finds a characteristics of the relationship between Roman law and socialism. In this context the article also addresses the characteristics and goals of the socialist legal Romance as a specific school which had a tendency to separate itself from so-called „Bourgeois" schools examining Roman law.
13

PRÁCE A DÍLO. LEVINAS, ARENDTOVÁ A MARXISMUS

88%
Bierhanzl J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2017
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vol. 72
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issue 1
46 – 53
EN
The article explores the relationship between labour and work in Levinas, taking into consideration Arendt’s understanding of action as well as the Marxist conception of labour. The sections dealing with the concept of work in Levinas’ Totality and Infinity offer a roughly reproduction of the Marxist dichotomy creation/self-creation: on one hand there is the claim to the unity of labour and expression; on the other hand there is an alienated labour with this unity broken. Here the works are commodities and workers dishonoured and, what is more, exploited. Thus the reader is left with following questions: What is the true reason of breaking this fundamental bond of a person with herself/himself? How precisely this break is accomplished?
14
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UTOPIA, SOUND, AND MATTER IN ERNST BLOCH

88%
Rampinini F.
ESPES
|
2023
|
vol. 12
|
issue 2
125 – 140
EN
Bloch’s philosophy of music is one of the most interesting of the twentieth century, particularly in the context of Marxist aesthetics. This article focuses on the various peculiarities of this thought, which seldom are highlighted. Firstly, through a new analysis of the musical sections of Spirit of Utopia and The Principle of Hope, the relation between utopia and music will be discussed in Sections 2 and 3 in order to show the originality of Bloch’s refusal of the Marxist base-superstructure model in the field of aesthetics. In contrast to the other philosophies of music, the study of music inspires theoretical speculation in Bloch’s thought and not vice versa. In order to demonstrate this connection, in Sections 4 and 5, the idea of the sound in Spirit of Utopia will be examined and compared to the conception of the matter as it is presented in The Principle of Hope, The Materialism Problem, its History and Substance, and other works. These paragraphs aim to highlight how the early conception of sound was the model for the later conception of matter.
15

METODOLOGICKÝ PRÍSTUP VÁROSSOVEJ K VÝSKUMU DEJÍN FILOZOFICKÉHO MYSLENIA

88%
Foltin M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2024
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vol. 79
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issue 1
22 – 38
EN
This article examines methodological aspects of researching the history of Slovak philosophy, especially during the Marxist-Leninist era, focusing on the work of Elena Várossová. It discusses the challenges and debates triggered by Marxist-Leninist philosophy in Slovakia, including Várossová’s rejection of some methodological principles and the resulting extensive discussions on philosophical-methodological approaches. The paper first examines dialectical materialism as a method, then Várossová's methodological foundations and criticisms. Finally, it examines her approach to the history of philosophy as a complex, contradictory process of discovery. Várossová critically evaluates dialectical materialism and argues for the inclusion of psychological and social human aspects in analysis.
16

STÁLE AKTUÁLNY VIZIONÁR ANTONIO GRAMSCI

75%
Perný L.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
|
2015
|
vol. 8
|
issue 1
93 – 105
EN
The paper analyses the main theoretical resources of what is called the practical philosophy of A. Gramsci, with an emphasis on the philosophy of history associated with collective will and historicism. Gramsci‘s contribution is updated and compared with the statements made by his predecessors, contemporaries, neo-Marxist followers, ideological opponents as well as contemporary philosophers. The mission of this paper is to recall the message of the neglected and ignored representative of cultural Marxism. According to Gramsci, the human being is a process of his actions, philosophy in human action, the historical process is governed by collective will, which results from wills and deeds and the truth is objectively given, and is independent of where and when it is recognized. The central motif is practical transformation of the world through art and philosophy, that is, through what is named cultural hegemony, which will transform itself from an elitist culture into a culture for all human beings. Gramsci‘ s philosophy is a unique fusion of Croce’s idealistic and spiritual understanding of the philosophy of history with the theory of Marxism.
17

LITERÁRNA POLEMIKA HAMADA – MINÁČ A JEJ DOBOVÝ CONTEXT

75%
Bílik R.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2013
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vol. 60
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issue 5
371 – 385
EN
The presented article reconstructs the literary polemic between the writer and essayist V. Mináč and the literary critic M. Hamada which took place in the liberal environment of the first half of the 1960s in Slovakia and became emblematic of that period of time. The author pays attention to its impact as well as the events and the writings preceding it. The central subject of the polemic was the category of the estrangement in the context of various interpretations of Marxist philosophy. It helps identify also the political and cultural processes forming the intellectual climate of the 1960s. On the one hand it became a part of the wide-ranging social discussion about the critical „acknowledgement“ of the Stalinism´s legacy, which continued until its violent interruption by Normalization after 1968, on the other hand, it made space for new ideological, philosophical and aesthetical initiatives. However, the polemic also raised the other issues, which have reached beyond the context of the period of time in question and are permanently present in the current discussions about finding alternatives to technological rationality and other strategies of the „Post-Modern“ power (Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze, Bauman, Žižek).
18
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Droga twórcza Jerzego Kmity jako sekwencja przesunięć problemowych

75%
Zamiara K.
Filo-Sofija
|
2011
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1(12)
109-127
EN
This paper presents meta-philosophical considerations concerning evolution of Jerzy Kmita’s intellectual standpoint. The author focuses on two crucial “problem-shifts” which lead Kmita to his genuine philosophical and scientific perspective. First “shift” consists in transition from Popper’s logic of scientific discovery to philosophical project of “historical epistemology” based on original interpretation of Marxian historical materialism. In this way Kmita transfers strictly epistemological and logical reflection on science into the field of history of science and historicism. Second “shift” suggests a transformation of “historical epistemology” in terms of descriptive cultural studies. In this case the problem of scientific cognition is understood as a socio-cultural fact and consequently analyzed within the framework of Kmita’s socio-regulatory conception of culture.
19

THE PROGRAMME OF A PRINCIPLE-BASED RADICAL POLICY. TO THE MARGIN OF IMMANUEL WALLERSTEIN'S WORLD-SYSTEM THEORY (Egy elvi megalapozottsagu radikalis politika programja)

75%
Budai G.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
|
2009
|
vol. 27
|
issue 3
299-318
EN
The paper tries to present Immanuel Wallerstein's world-system theory as a legitimate world interpretation which provides a real alternative to the mainstream globalization discourse. Accordingly it traces, in the first step, the methodological fundament upon which eventually the whole theoretical construction is based. Following this it draws the outlines of the philosophy of history constituting the clue of the world-system theory. Finally, it inquires into the Wallersteinian interpretation of the concepts and phenomena prevailing in the contemporary social science agenda.
20
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POSTCOLONIAL REFLECTIONS. ON THE MARGIN OF THE COLLECTIVE WORK 'FROM SOVIETOLOGY TO POSTCOLONIALITY: POLAND AND UKRAINE FROM A POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECITVE' EDITED BY JANUSZ KOREK (Polish title - below).

75%
Thomson E.
Porównania
|
2008
|
vol. 5
113-125
EN
(Title in Polish - ' Postkolonialne refleksje. Na marginesie pracy zbiorowej 'From Sovietology to Postcoloniality: Poland and Ukraine from a Postcolonial Perspective' pod redakcja Janusza Korka'). The authoress links colonialism to the development of national consciousness in Europe in the eighteenth century. She further posits that at the core of colonialism lies transformation of even tiny into a periphery. She then compares European colonialism in Africa and Asia to Russian/Soviet colonialism in Europe and Asia. Her comment about the transformation of consciousness in Poland under colonialism has to do with the construction of the 'substitute hegemony' in Polish discourse. She concludes that Polish and Ukrainian scholars differ in major ways with regard to their treatment of colonial appropriation of their respective countries.
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