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LOW SOCIAL TRUST IN NEW EU COUNTRIES: IS IT A MATTER OF CULTURE OR ECONOMY? (Poziom zaufania spolecznego w nowych krajach Unii Europejskiej: kwestia kultury czy ekonomii?)

100%
Klusek-Wojciszke B. I., Losiewicz M. M.
Pieniądze i Więź
|
2009
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vol. 12
|
issue 1(42)
187-192
EN
Social trust (understood as a belief that most unknown people are fair, helpful and trustworthy) is an important correlate or a part of social capital which, in turn, contributes to social and economical development of societies. In the present work indices of social trust in 24 EU countries gathered in the European Social Survey in 2004/2005 were studied. The analyses indicated that the seven countries which had experienced communism showed much lower level of trust than the 17 countries without this experience. Two explanations of the relation between experience of communism and lowered trust were proposed and tested. The first was a cultural one in terms of diminished individualism and the second was an economical one in terms of lowered economical prosperity of societies which had suffered from communism. Although post-communist countries showed both lowered GDP and the individualism level, mediation analyses showed that only the lowered level of economical prosperity accounted for the lowered trust in those countries.
2

PSYCHOLOGICAL COSTS OF MATERIAL WEALTH. WHY AREN'T WE HAPPIER, THE RICHER WE ARE?

100%
Gornik-Durose M.
Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)
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2005
|
vol. 13
203-218
EN
The article explains why the growth of material wealth is not accompanied in a direct way by a growth of psychological well-being. The authoress, drawing conclusions from existing results of numerous research projects, proposes two explanations of the phenomenon. According to the first one - the 'saturation' hypothesis - the quality of life, determined by material wealth, reaches its natural top limit at a certain point and at this point further prospects for gaining more happiness in connection with the material standard of living simply come to an end, there are no further possibilities to achieve any greater life satisfaction from possessed goods. The second explanation is the hypothesis of psychological costs of material wealth. It assumes that there are some domains around material wealth where people experience additional psychological costs, therefore the balance of growing material standards is not fully positive. These psychological costs of material wealth have their roots in such factors as: perception of discrepancies in wealth, the nature of material goals, an individual level of materialism, a type of motivation for acquiring material possession, a value conflict, a form of making use of material resources and a cultural context.
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