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RITUAL FORM AND RITUAL CHOICE AMONG MAURITIAN HINDUS

100%
Maňo P., Xygalatas D.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 2
186 – 209
EN
People’s motivations to partake in religious rituals often relate to external socio-cultural forces such as tradition, ancestry, and peer-pressure, or deep personal convictions centred on devotion, gratitude, or spiritual experience, among others. Simultaneously, however, devotees may also have pragmatic motivations for practicing rituals, such as the need for protection, wellbeing, or socializing, or may see those rituals as a means of fulfilling their wishes. Importantly, the deity addressed in the ritual largely defines the scope and area of divine intervention and help. But all else being equal, why do people choose to engage in the specific rituals that they do, especially given that some are much costlier than others? Our fieldwork suggests that perceived ritual efficacy could be a key cognitive factor at play: people seek rituals that they consider appropriate (in terms of their structure and focus) and proportionate (in terms of their costs) to their needs and expectations. This almost contractual logic of ritual performance is best demonstrated by the concept of promise that is quintessential to the biggest religious festivals of three Hindu communities in Mauritius discussed in this paper.
2

ZO STAREJ ĎALY NA OSTROV MAURITIUS A NA ÚPÄTIE KAUKAZU. ŽIVOTNÁ DRÁHA JÁNA KAROLA BESSEHO

86%
Horbulák Z., Tóth F.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2023
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vol. 71
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issue 1
161–184
EN
The article deals with the life and oeuvre of Ján Karol Besse. J. K. Besse was a traveller and geographer of Hungarian origin (1765 – 1841). Between 1790 and 1824 he lived permanently in several Western European countries, where he performed military service. From 1802 to 1810, on the island of Mauritius, he held the post of secretary to the local French administrator. After his return to France, he wrote articles on Eastern Europe, primarily on linguistics and literature. It is likely that he also collaborated with the French secret police. In France he used the name Charles Bérony. Besse devoted his life to the study of foreign languages, especially Oriental languages. In addition to Hungarian, Latin, French, German, English and Italian, he also spoke Turkish. During the 1820s and 30s, he regularly visited his homeland and made several trips to Eastern Europe, the Black Sea region and the Caucasus. Besse was on the road all his life, which can be accurately documented thanks to his surviving writings. His life, too, ended on the road in Regensburg, Germany. Some sources say that at the end of his life Besse was employed at home in the county office, but this information has not yet been able to be substantiated by archive sources. Documentary evidence can prove that he was born in the village of Stará Ďala, now the town of Hurbanovo, on 29 August 1765.
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