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Fenomenologiczne określenie Osoby

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Filo-Sofija
|
2006
|
vol. 6
|
issue 6
91-100
EN
The main problem of this article is a try to find the meaning of an essence of the Person. Asking about the Person in colloquial meaning is asking about the cultural pattern of the Person at the same time. What can be helpful in leaving the cultural pattern of the Person without leaving an essence of problem known as a Person, but difficult to indicate without an example? Answer at this question, will be probably similar with finding an essence of the Person as a pure comprehension. Phenomenology, as a finding of certainty can be a method in that “personalistic adventure”, especially in version of the German phenomenologist – Max Scheler, who was trying to explain comprehension of the Person from the emotional point of view. Emotions, which can be understood as a phenomenon of the Person appearing in the practical function, and creating a culture with its examples of the Person, and finally giving its place in non personal surrounding world. Here appears solution. By using Scheler’s method describing the Person from the emotional side, it seems to be possible to separate the pure comprehension from the cultural pattern of the Person. That shows another reduction, next to well known reductions in Phenomenology. It could be something like an emotional reduction, which separates the Person from non personal structure of surrounding world and not gives a cultural pattern of the Person at the same time. The next move is building a dialogue as a relation between Persons, which defines them as a dialogical subjects.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2023
|
vol. 78
|
issue 2
86 – 100
EN
The aim of this article is to introduce Scheler’s philosophy of values and to offer a critical point of view of his theory of values, which is not very thematised in the Czech or Slovak context, although the concept of values is widely used especially in the field of professional ethics. The article therefore deals with an author who is quite fundamental to the topic. Also it will point out some of the problems that the thematization of values has brought to ethics, which may help to explain why the philosophy of values has not made much headway in the field of ethics. In the introduction we will touch on the question of the objectivity or subjectivity of values and evaluation. We will then briefly discuss Kant’s formalism, which was the primary impetus for the emergence of material value ethics. We will then outline the conception of values in Max Scheler, who can be considered the founder of the philosophy of value or axiology. Furthermore, we will then conclude with an attempt to summarize the whole value issue, pointing out the problematic points of this theory.
EN
The article is an analysis of the somatic dimension of human existence in Miloš Holas’ novel Smutek z těla. The author argues that this forgotten novel greatly contributes to the destiny of naturalism in the Czech Republic. After presenting the plot and the main structural problems of the novel (such as the construction of the portrayed world, the time-space dimension, narration, characterization, etc.), the author moves on to analyze the elements of “corporeality.” She proves that the novel certainly realizes the ideas of naturalism (ideological and compositional), and then compares these conclusions with the philosophical anthropology of Max Scheler. At the end of her considerations she comes to the conclusion that in Holas’ novel the human being is portrayed as an animal organism, psychology is brought down to physiology, and the satisfaction of hunger and the sexual drive are considered to be the essential determinants of human existence in a world in which “the souls are gone, the bodies remain.”
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