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1

THE PRAY CODEX AS A SOURCE FOR MUSIC HISTORY

100%
Czagány Z.
Musicologica Slovaca
|
2023
|
vol. 14 (40)
|
issue 1
7-34
EN
Since its discovery in 1770, the manuscript known as the Pray Codex has been a subject of particular interest in Hungarian cultural history. The codex was written in the 1190s and has been examined by scholars from many fields, who have approached it from many different points of view. Music history research has been primarily focussed on the Sacramentary, which makes up the corpus of the manuscript. The service book, containing the series of Mass prayers performed by a priest – oratio, secreta and postcommunio, is not one of the liturgical books of a musical genre. However, the Pray Codex is an extended sacramentary, with numerous texts and chants besides the prayers, and its content is closer to the genre of the gradual, processional and missale plenum. Written above the manuscript’s texts and on the margins are chants with neumatic and staff notations from the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th century, providing a unique glimpse into the birth and early development of the Esztergom notation (“Graner Choralnotation”). The following essay discusses the musical content of the Pray Codex within the history of plainchant in medieval Hungary and in Central Europe. Special attention is given to influences that affected the liturgy and chant in Hungary in its early formation period and to phenomena which became significant for the later evolution of the repertory.
2

SIGISMUNDUS REX ET IMPERATOR. ÚVAHY NAD VÝSTAVOU UMENIA ŽIGMUNDOVSKEJ DOBY

100%
Oriško Š.
ARS
|
2006
|
vol. 39
|
issue 1
31-52
EN
The paper deals with the international exhibition project 'Sigismundus - Rex et Imperator - Sigismund of Luxembourg, Arts and Culture 1387-1437'. It presents the emperor, his life and activities in connection with the arts and culture. The historiographies of the Central European countries where Sigismund once ruled, considered both the monarch and his era often very emotionally and with the great differences. They also came into touch with the nationalist prejudices and the various ideological standpoints. The exhibition undoubtedly tried to anchor Sigismund of Luxembourg into European relations. In the separate chapters the exhibition presented Sigismund's residences, the culture of the King's court and its products, the Emperor‘s leading role in the European politics, his portraits and a political heritage. The ending part of the exhibition was dedicated to the arts of the King Sigismund's era in a broader meaning - to the arts of the International Gothic style. Presented artefacts often originated in the regions outside the center, in border regions of medieval Hungary, but in touch with Central European currents in sculpture, table and book painting, textile art, goldsmithery etc. The goal of this important part of the exhibition was to present Central European context and a specific territory of the Hungarian Kingdom within it. This section had clearly an art historical character and can be taken as the first specialized attempt to present the phenomenon of the arts around 1400 within the mentioned geographical boundaries. The exhibited artefacts and the catalogue descriptions brought into light many new attributions and datings for the art historians to deal with.
3

UHORSKÉ VOJENSTVO VO VRCHOLNOM STREDOVEKU SO ZRETEĽOM NA VLÁDU ĽUDOVÍTA I. VEĽKÉHO

100%
Segeš V.
Vojenská história
|
2020
|
vol. 24
|
issue 1
31 - 51
EN
The study deals with several aspects of the medieval warfare in Hungary, with focus on the reign of Louis I of Anjou (1342 – 1382). The author pays attention to the legislative and legal framework of the militarism during the reign of the Anjous and the leading terms of banderium and insurrection in the context of the military-historical development. Further, the study observes the key features of the strategy and the system of land defence as well as the trends and changes in organisation, armament and equipment of the Hungarian military forces in the period from the 2nd half of the 13th century until the end of the 14th century. The topic of knighthood is also mentioned. In the closing part of the study, the military activities of King Louis I against Neapol and the Republic of Venice, against the Lithuanians and Tatars as well as in the Balkans are presented based on the source documents.
4

FROM LATIN TO HUNGARIAN. TRANSFORMING OF OFFICIAL WRITTEN PRACTICE IN THE MARKET-TOWNS OF HEGYALJA FROM THE 14TH TO THE 17TH

88%
Gulyás L. S.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2017
|
vol. 21
|
issue 1
67 – 86
EN
The study examines the official literacy of a characteristic region of medieval Hungary. This territory is the Hegyalja, which located in the north-eastern part of the Medieval Hungarian Kingdom, and where some important viticulturist market-towns located from the time of the Middle Ages. These settlements owned developed official written culture. They had the right to write vineyard sale contracts and to corroborate them with their own seals. From the 14th to the 16th centuries these documents were written exclusively in Latin, but from the mid-16th century, Hungarian language also started to spread in the region. The main aim of this study is to present this development between the 14th and the 17th centuries.
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