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EN
The paper deals with the stance of the medieval law system on the legal status of women in coexistence with various life and legal situations, namely their representations in Magdeburg Law. Standardized form of many paragraphs of these German laws codes from 1378, which were translated into ancient Slovak language in the town Žilina (in 1473), shows both, the legal security of a woman, as well as the rigour of a certain law. By following and clarifying of mentioned relations it explains the use of several juridical institutes, that represent not only German, but also Slovak cultural legal language of the 15th century.
EN
In this study, the author is concerned with the position of widows in medieval society. He considers the development of basic ideas about their position on the basis of the decrees of Frankish synods and Early Medieval laws. The main part of the work is devoted to widows in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary during the earliest period from the 11th century to the issuing of the Golden Bull in 1222. The subject of this is the position of widows according to the individual points of the Hungarian law codes of St. Stephen, St. Ladislav and Koloman. The main question is the claim of widows to property and the gradual changes in this area up to the beginning of the 13th century. The main emphasis is placed on the search for the beginnings of the dower as property, which the woman kept after the death of her husband. The study includes a detailed analysis of the wills of important women, widows, but also widowers. Evidence of the property rights of widows and the first indications of the existence of the dower are sought in these documents.
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