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BETWEEN OLD TRADITIONS AND NEW APPROACHES: LOCATING ORAL HISTORY AND MEMORY STUDIES IN EAST CENTRAL EUROPE

100%
Švaříčková Slabáková R.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 2
205 - 2018
EN
The article explores how oral history and memory studies have been used in East Central Europe after the fall of the Iron Curtain. It focuses particularly on the question of whether Eastern European scholars only reproduce what was invented in the West, or whether they advance their original concepts and ideas. Both disciplines have been involved in reassessing the history of communism and the communist version of history itself and both contributed to revealing memoires obscured by the communist regime, even if the role of oral history may be considered as pivotal in this process. Although oral history had been practiced in the region at least since the 1970s, it was introduced as a new discipline according to the Western criteria after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Memory studies and their most successful concept, the “lieux de mémoire”, were implemented into to the region later and the promoters of the concept were predominantly Western scholars. Drawing on the uses of the term “historical consciousness” in Czech and Polish research, the article argues that various strategies associated with the “return to Europe” can be found in the region when promoting native traditions and equalizing them with the Western ones.
2

The "New Museum" in Poland

86%
Fontana E.
Sensus Historiae. Studia interdyscyplinarne
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2012
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issue 1(6)
93-113
EN
The past few years in Poland and, indeed, globally, have seen a shift from the predominance of traditional museums to the rise of multi-mediated, multi-sensory, and interactive “new” museums. However, in the midst of technological shifts in museum forms as well as broader social, cultural, and political changes, are the images of Poland and Polish culture and national identity, as presented in museums, also changing? If so, how, and what resources are being drawn on to construct new identities and/or reproduce old ones? I am currently engaged in a study of museums—conceptualized broadly to include traditional historical and cultural museums, cultural and historical centers, and online archives and virtual “memory sites—in contemporary Poland. My study focuses on one particular type of museum “publics”—those most involved with and interested in the museum process, the workers and volunteers. I am interested in which individuals comprise this form of the museum public in the case of historical and cultural museums in Poland, their motivations for becoming involved, and their role within museum practices more broadly. I hypothesize, first, that new museums understood as a sort of public “ritual” represent in part a means of addressing uncertainty over national identity; and secondly, that local/regional and transnational resources, in addition to national ones are increasingly being drawn on in both museum form and content in the process of constructing new public images of Poland, in part in dialogue with broader and more diff use audiences, but also that these new images coexist, at times uneasily, with familiar discourses of the nation.
3
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Pamięć, trauma i tożsamość „narodu z popiołów” i innych narodów. Implikacje badania Romów dla teorii socjologicznej (recenzja z: Sławomir Kapralski. Naród z popiołów. Pamięć zagłady i tożsamość Romów

86%
Kucia M.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2013
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issue 2(209)
175-188
EN
This essay reviews the exceptional and outstanding, interdisciplinary book by Sławomir Kapralski, Naród z popiołów: Pamięć zagłady a tożsamość Romów [Nation out of the Ashes: The Memory of Destruction and the Identity of the Romani] against the background of literature in memory studies. It outlines the structure and composition of the book and focuses on the author’s most important propositions in sociological theory. The following propositions are presented and critically reviewed: creative reconstruction and synthesis of identity theories, redefinition of the notion of social memory, general conception and general theory of memory, middle range theory of memory production, and conception of the role of trauma in relation to memory and identity. These propositions, although they require further refinement, amendment or reformulation, are considered an immensely important contribution to sociological theory. The conceptions and theories about the relations between memory, trauma and identity that have grown out of the study of the Romani are also applicable to other collectivities.
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