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1

SPEECH PRODUCTION AND MENTAL REPRESENTATION

100%
Gosy M.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2006
|
vol. 102
|
issue 3
287-299
EN
The process of speech comprehension consists of two large phases: the perception of vocal phenomena corresponding to the system of linguistic signs, and the interpretation of that code system. Both phases are made up by several levels that collectively ensure the decoding of speech phenomena in a regular cooperation with one another. Speech comprehension is an active process whereby the hearer interprets the speech phenomena s/he has perceived at successively higher levels. For that process to work, certain mental representations must be shared by speaker and hearer. The notion 'mental representation' can be understood in various ways; it includes thoughts, ideas, wishes, percepts, conceptions, etc. Specifically 'linguistic' mental representations, on the other hand, are such that they contain linguistically relevant signs and functions of the individual's patterns of knowledge. Certain portions of linguistic mental representations may keep changing or being modified throughout the individual's lifetime. The present paper analyses, in several series of experiments, cases in which objective acoustic phonetic parameters seem to contradict the corresponding mental representations. The aim is to highlight the relationship between articulatory/acoustic differences and the invariant features that underlie them as well as that between mental representations and objective parameters. Four areas are investigated with respect to Hungarian: (a) the production, acoustic patterns, and perception of vowels; (b) the variants of the phoneme /h/; (c) the coarticulatory behaviour of (r); and (d) a phonological rule of coarticulation applying in spontaneous speech. On the basis of the results obtained, the author attempts to answer the question of how the (apparent) paradox of the contradiction between the objective physical reality of speech and its mental representation might be resolved.
2

HOW NOT TO ARGUE ABOUT THE COMPATIBILITY OF PREDICTIVE PROCESSING AND 4E COGNITION

80%
Başoğlu Y. R.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2021
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vol. 28
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issue 4
777 - 801
EN
In theories of cognition, 4E approaches to cognition are seen to refrain from employing robust representations in contrast to Predictive Process, where such posits are utilized extensively. Despite this notable dissimilarity with regard to posits they employ in ex- plaining certain cognitive phenomena, it has been repeatedly argued that they are in fact compatible. As one may expect, these arguments mostly end up contending either that Predictive Process is actually nonrepresentational or that 4E approaches are representational. In this paper, I will argue that such arguments are inadequate for the indicated purpose for several reasons: the variety of representational posits in Predictive Process, the diverse attitudes of practitioners of 4E approaches toward representations and the unconstrained use of the term “representation” in cognitive science. Hence, here I will try to demonstrate that any single argument, if it depends on representational 4E approaches or nonrepresentational Predictive Process, falls short of encompassing this heterogeneity in pertinent debates. Then, I will analyse similar arguments provided by Jacob Hohwy and Michael Kirchhoff to illustrate how destructive this seemingly ordinary criticism is.
3

Developmental differences in the understanding of beliefs and desires

80%
Putko A.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2005
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vol. 36
|
issue 2
109-115
EN
Seventy-two children between the ages of 3 and 5 took part in an investigation of the relations between the development of understanding of the two core concepts of theory-of-mind - desires and beliefs. Desire understanding was assessed by tasks requiring fulfilled or unfulfilled desires to be recalled and to predict desire-related emotions. Belief understanding was measured using false-belief task in standard and social version. Results showed that 3-year-olds have difficulty with the understanding of unfulfilled desires and false beliefs. In addition, specific links were found between the understanding of unfulfilled desires and false belief performance. These links suggest that the understanding of unfulfilled desires may be some kind of developmental bridge between the understanding of simple 'contentive' and more complex 'indicative' form of mental representations. The implications of these results for theory-of-mind development are discussed.
4
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ON THE NATURE, KINDS AND WAYS OF EXISTENCE OF MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS (O naturze, rodzajach i sposobie istnienia reprezentacji umyslowych)

70%
Zeglen U.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
|
2010
|
issue 11
156-185
EN
The aim of the paper is the characterization of mental representations in regard to their nature, kinds and ways of existence. The paper shows different approaches to mental representations in the philosophy of mind, and especially focuses on the theories of mental content. The main part of the paper deals with the problem of epistemological commitments of cognitive representational systems in regard to the nature and kinds of mental representations which play their role in creating our knowledge and our model of the world. Here also many controversial questions is asked and discussed. In conclusion, the representational standpoint is enriched by the requirement of the representation of 'self' and the representation of body.
5

WHY YOU CAN’T ACTUALLY IMAGINE THE IMPOSSIBLE (BUT THINK THAT YOU CAN)

70%
Malik L.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2015
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vol. 22
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issue 4
499 – 517
EN
There are philosophers who think that it is possible to imagine the meta-physically impossible. On the one hand, there are philosophers that think that only knowledge limits what one can imagine. Prior to knowledge of certain facts the imagination is unbounded. On the other hand, there are philosophers who think that the imagination is unconstrained whatever. The author shall argue that (a) it is not actually possible to imagine what is metaphysically impossible, though (b) it appears to be possible. He takes this to be a defence of the Kripkean view. He aims to develop an understanding of the imagination that can accommodate this view.
6

FACTORS AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE CONCEPTUALISATION OF REFUGEES (Faktory a dosledky konceptualizacie utecencov)

61%
Maur N.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 1
40-58
EN
The paper deals with the various factors involved in, and the consequences of, conceptualizing refugees. The paper is based on empirical data from the field research in Gabcikovo, where there had been a refugee camp. The author focuses on historical, social, cultural and political factors to explain how people conceptualize a refugee and how these factors interact with ethnic and racial essentialist representation. One of the factors shown by the author is the ethnic and racial classification of refugees. The main aim was to show that there are several factors constituting the concept of refugee. Liminality of refugees is discussed and the consequences of such a conceptualization are shown in this paper.
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