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The analysis of the connections of childhood mental image operations and conservation in combinational tasks

100%
Dosa Z.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2005
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vol. 60
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issue 3
289-307
EN
The study deals with the development features of mental and motor manipulation in connection with a combinational task solution with children. In the two experimental groups we have selected 8- and 10-year-old children (their average age was 8 years 8 months and 9 years), on the basis of their performance shown in Piaget-type conservational tasks in such a way that in one of the groups those children were selected, who are characterized by standard non-conservation, while the members of the other group have shown a standard-conservation level of performance. Within the tasks to be solved we also changed the complexity degree of the combinable parts. In this way we were able to analyze the complexity effect on the one hand, on the other hand we could follow the connections between logical-mathematical operations and the specific mental images necessary for task solution, the existence of which is supposed through the phenomenon of conservation. In case of both groups we could observe that the increase of the complexity of combined elements results in faster solution as a result of the fact that because of complexity the number of good combinational possibilities decreases. This result does not fit into the complexity effect shown in the mental rotation of the isolated, uniform pictures because in most of these experiments the complexity of the pictures extends the time of solution. The other observation refers to the fact that we can experience an essential difference between the performances of the two groups only in the identification operations of the simplest static pictures, but not in the process of transformation and comparison. This is why we may suppose that the development of logical and mental image operations follows different lines as the logical ability of conservation does not forecast in the least the success of the mental and motor manipulation revealed in the combinational task.
2

Mental rotation of emotional and neutral stimuli

100%
Czarnecka K., Szymura B.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2009
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vol. 40
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issue 2
101-111
EN
The main aim of the study was to create and validate emotional version of mental rotation task (MRT). As all previously conducted experiments utilized neutral material only, such an attempt seemed necessary to confirm the generality of mental rotation effect and its properties. Emotional MRT was constructed using photos of negative facial expressions; a compatible neutral MRT was also created, for detailed comparisons. 2- and 3-dimensional figures (Experiment 1) and hexagrams (Experiment 2 and 3) served as affect-free stimuli. In three experiments, emotional MRT version was proven to be valid, whereas only hexagram-based neutral MRT version yielded the expected results. A number of differences between the two versions emerged, concerning response times, accuracy and difficulty of trials. The neutral/emotional MRT procedure, although needing more research, seems to give stable results, making the study of content-bound imagery possible.
3

MENTAL ROTATION AND MOTOR EXPERTISE: STORAGE DOES NOT ACCOUNT FOR BETTER PROCESSING

88%
Moreau D., Clerc J., Mansy-Dannay A., Gueurrien A.
Studia Psychologica
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2012
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vol. 54
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issue 3
167 - 179
EN
Whether visual and spatial memory span accounts for part of the differences in three-dimensional mental rotation performance is currently debated in the field of spatial cognition. In order to further explore this issue, we assessed mental rotation, visual and spatial memory spans in a sample of elite and novice athletes in combat sports, an activity that has been linked to higher spatial ability. Although results yielded significant differences in mental rotation ability favouring elite athletes, there was no effect of sport expertise on either the visual or the spatial memory span task. In addition, correlations between the visual and spatial memory span tasks and the Mental Rotations Test were not significant, whereas there was a strong correlation between the visual and the spatial memory tasks. We further discuss these findings and their implication in explaining mental rotation differences, as well as toward a comprehensive understanding of the cognitive processes specifically involved in motor performance.
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