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ASEAN i MERCOSUR – oryginalne tendencje integracyjne na Południu

100%
Dobroczyński M.
Studia Regionalne i Lokalne
|
2006
|
issue 2(24)
49-73
PL
Wśród licznych i dawnych już prób tworzenia ugrupowań integracyjnych na Południu (Dobroczyński 1961) dwa przypadki Stowarzyszenie Narodów Azji Południowo-Wschodniej oraz Wspólny Rynek Ameryki Południowej zasługują na zwiększoną uwagę. Nie ze względu na ich raczej skromne dotychczasowe osiągnięcia, lecz z racji szczególnych cech instytucjonalnych, ambicji ekonomicznych wymieszanych z politycznymi i kulturowymi, a także gotowością bardzo zresztą mało dynamiczną poszukiwania nieszablonowych rozwiązań perspektywicznych. Warto podkreślić gotowość państw członków ugrupowań do różnego typu innowacyjnych zbliżeń z niektórymi liczącymi się partnerami, ale zarazem reprezentowanie wysoce samodzielnych stanowisk w wielu sprawach, które w innych okolicznościach skłaniałyby do łatwych ustępstw na rzecz potężnych podmiotów globalnych.
EN
Among various attempts to create international associations integrating the countries of the South, two cases: Association of Southeast Asian Nations and Mercado Comun del Cono Sur deserve particular attention. Not because of their, rather modest, achievements, but due to the institutional characteristics, economic, political and cultural ambitions and the determination to search for original ways of development. ASEAN and MERCOSUR countries are ready to cooperate with the important global partners but, at the same time, have their own, independent views on many issues, in which in other circumstances, they would rather do easy concessions in favour of the powerful global organizations and countries.
2
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Wpływ globalizacji i integracji w ramach MERCOSUR na wymianę handlową produktów przemysłu samochodowego Brazylii w latach 1990–2006

94%
Wójtowicz M.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
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2009
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vol. 12
63-78
EN
The aim of this paper is determining the influence of the globalization and regional integration processes on the Brazilian automobile industry. The paper also contains the analysis of changes in the state’s industrial policy towards this sector and their influence on winning new foreign investments. The analysis also concerns changes in the MERCOSUR integration policy towards the automobile industry. It was observed that the changes that occurred in the Brazilian automobile industry in the years 1990–2006 are to a large extent a consequence of world-wide transformations in the sector, caused by globalization. On one hand, the changes consisted in modernizing the existing plants, and on the other hand – in emergence of completely new enterprises that aimed at global expansion on the so-called rising markets. This led to the increase in production, diversification of the assortment of available models, and the increase in competition on the Brazilian market. As for integration policy, the member states tried to postpone as long as possible complete liberalization of products trade in this industry within MERCOSUR. Owing to this, they were able to conduct individual policies in this sector, on one hand trying to maintain the barriers that protected their domestic markets, and on the other hand, trying to offer as much as possible to attract foreign investors. This led to numerous conflicts and great tension, chiefly between Argentina and Brazil, which endangered the process of economic integration. Still, the emerging problems were successfully overcome and the barriers for automobile industry trade within MERCOSUR were gradually eliminated. It was reflected in the rapid increase in car trade between the two countries in years 2003–2006.
3
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Pozycja konkurencyjna wybranych regionalnych ugrupowań handlowych

84%
Sapa A.
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
|
2014
|
issue 1(31)
EN
The study attempts to determine the CACM, MERCOSUR and NAFTA competitive position in the agri-food market taking into account selected indicators related to GDP, productivity and trade. The analysis allowed to state that only for MERCOSUR the competitive position in global food-market improved. In that groupings, compared to NAFTA and CACM, there was a bigger increase in GDP per capita and labour productivity in agriculture. Furthermore, only the share of MERCOSUR agri-food trade in world trade increased which was accompanied by a greater increase of extra-regional agri-food trade than intra-regional ones.
PL
W pracy podjęto próbę określenia pozycji konkurencyjnej na globalnym rynku rolno-żywnościowym trzech amerykańskich ugrupowań CACM, MERCOSUR i NAFTA w świetle wybranych mierników dotyczących PKB, wydajności i handlu zagranicznego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, że w badanym okresie wzrosła pozycja konkurencyjna na globalnym rynku rolno-żywnościowym ugrupowania MERCOSUR. W ugrupowaniu tym, w porównaniu z NAFTA i CACM, nastąpiła największa poprawa PKB per capita oraz wydajności pracy w rolnictwie. Ponadto, tylko udział obrotów rolno-żywnościowych MERCOSUR w obrotach światowych wzrósł w warunkach większej dynamiki wymiany z krajami trzecimi w porównaniu z pozostałymi ugrupowaniami.
4

An Evaluation of Selected Economic Areas according to Similarity of Supply and Demand Shocks

83%
Kappel S.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2015
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vol. 15
|
issue 2
221-240
EN
The Euro Area remains a well-known monetary union in the World. But the possibilities of creation of new monetary unions are discussed. It is spoken about NAFTA (Canada, Mexico and the United States) or MERCOSUR (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela). The aim of this paper is to assess the similarity of demand and supply shocks in the countries of NAFTA and MERCOSUR, and to compare it with the countries of the Euro Area. For these aims, correlation and structural vector autoregression methods are used. Methods are based on Blanchard and Quah (1989) and Bayoumi and Eichengreen (1993). We confirm the existence of core states and periphery states in the Euro Area with some exceptions. If we compare supply and demand shocks, we find more similarity in the case of supply shocks in the countries of the Euro Area. According to the results, the countries of NAFTA are more appropriate for the creation of monetary union than the countries of MERCOSUR. The countries of NAFTA achieve high correlation coefficients of supply and demand shocks (except Mexico for supply shocks).
5

On International Transaction Law: Current Trends and Challenges from a Latin America Perspective

83%
Munoz J.
Baltic Journal of Law & Politics
|
2012
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vol. 5
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issue 1
1-19
EN
During the last decade of the twentieth century, international transactions that involve the movement of capital throughout the world achieved unprecedented frequency of usage. The consequences of this were felt at international and national levels. On the international level there was a creation of a great amount of Bilateral Investment treaties (BIT) between states that regulate and provide substantive norms as well as dispute resolution mechanism that bring out enormous numbers of unarticulated arbitral decisions. On the national level, many states modified national legislation to attract foreign investment. These modifications created a complex system that regulates international transactions. However, during the last years there have been two trends in investment among developing countries: one that supports the current legal framework, and another that seeks to find a new ordering of the field. The present article will explore these trends from the Latin America experience by analyzing how this law evolved in the region by studying the structure of the investment regulation of the main integration processes, and finally, by formulating a new understanding of the way that this type of law should be interpreted while dealing with sensible issues.
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