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1
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KONSTANTYN FILOZOF, CZYLI KTO?

100%
Wesoły M. A.
Konštantínove listy
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2020
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vol. 13
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issue 2
22 - 34
EN
This outstanding historical figure who died 1151 years ago on February 14, 869, has become known in history under a different name, often known without the eloquent epithet of ‘philosopher’, but with the added religious dignity of St. Cyril. He is usually compared to his elder brother St. Methodius, and they are nowadays commonly referred to as the Apostles to the Slavs, although today hardly anyone knows that their original names were Konstantinos and Michael. There is extensive literature on the importance of these Thessalonian brothers for the creation of the Slavic alphabet (Glagolitic) and the translation from Greek of the liturgical offices. The literature includes mainly religious, philological and historical perspectives, but there are only few philosophical and historiosophical considerations. In respect of the mentioned anniversary of Constantine – St. Cyril, we will reflect on his philosophical education, views and discussions with various interlocutors.
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ČASOVÉ VYMEDZENIE VZNIKU VEĽKOMORAVSKÉHO NOMOKÁNONA

100%
Jáger R.
Konštantínove listy
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2018
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vol. 11
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issue 2
67 - 77
EN
Written legal texts (so-called normative legal texts) are also indispensable for the study of the history of Great Moravia. The most extensive of them is the Great Moravian Nomocanon, which is a translation of its Byzantine original, while the author has significantly narrowed the original text. Most experts dealing with the history of Great Moravia assume that the author of the translation was Methodius himself. In this paper we try to determine when the translation of Nomocanon was conducted. The previous papers stated that the translation was carried out at the beginning of the Byzantine mission in Great Moravia. In this paper we present the hypothesis that the translation of Nomocanon was probably conducted only in the final phase of Methodius’s activity in Great Moravia. This hypothesis is supported by the timing of the necessity (and urgency) of its translation in practice, as well as by the historical events of the fight between Wiching and Methodius.
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THE MEMORY OF SAINTS CYRIL AND METHODIUS IN THESSALONIKI

100%
Delikari A.
Konštantínove listy
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2022
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vol. 15
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issue 1
131 - 138
EN
The cult of Saints Cyril and Methodius began soon after their death and spread quickly among the Slavs. Despite the fact that the Saints were Byzantine missionaries and thus plenty of hagiographic works about them existed at that time, a feast day dedicated to them was not established officially in Constantinople itself. In the Liturgical Calendar of the Metropolis of Thessaloniki their feast day was introduced in 1957. In 1966, the Metropolis of Thessaloniki organized several events with a panorthodox and oecumenical character in honour of the two Apostles of the Slavs. Since then there have been numerous efforts and activities (e.g. the foundations of centres, churches and monuments, publications, and much more) from several institutions to establish in Thessaloniki the tradition and memory of the two Thessalonian brothers. In June 2011, the Centre for the Study of the Cultural Heritage of Cyril and Methodius (www.kyrillos-methodios.gr) has been established in Thessaloniki, promoting research into the life and work of Saints Cyril and Methodius both in Greece and abroad.
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OBRAZ METODA AKO LITERÁRNEJ POSTAVY V SLOVENSKEJ PRÓZE

100%
Vančo D.
Konštantínove listy
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2023
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vol. 16
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issue 2
136 - 146
EN
The aim of the article is to examine the image of Methodius as a literary character in the main literary texts of Slovak prose, which are thematically focused on the period of Great Moravia. We work with texts by three authors, namely J. M. Hurban: Svadba kráľa veľkomoravského (1842); M. Ferko: Svätopluk (1975) and Svätopluk a Metod (1985); F. Rábek: Tajomstvo Zoborského kláštora (2019). We use the techniques of text analysis, interpretation and comparison. Using eight criteria, we observe in what ways the mentioned authors’ approaches in a connection to the reflection of Methodius coincide and in what ways they differ. Our attention is focused on the following aspects: the time span of the plot, character traits, character development and psychologization, the relationship between Methodius and Svätopluk, Methodius‘ disputes with the Frankish bishops, the role of Methodius in the spread of Christianity in Bohemia, the role of Methodius in the literary text and intertextuality in a relation to medieval texts. Despite certain differences, a positive character image of Methodius dominates in Slovak prosaic texts – it varies between mythicization, demythicization and glorification. The most plastic portrayal of the character of Methodius can be observed in the novels of M. Ferko. Authors of modern literary texts preserve the idea of Methodius as a saint, which has been handed down since the Middle Ages.
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DEIXA AKO PROSTRIEDOK AKTUALIZÁCIE CYRILO-METODSKEJ TÉMY V ÚVODE KÁZNE JURAJA FÁNDLYHO

88%
Mihalková G.
Konštantínove listy
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2020
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vol. 13
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issue 1
167 - 176
EN
The subject of the study is the analysis of the use of deictic expressions in the beginning of the sermon written by Juraj Fándly Concio Historico – Panegyrica de Sanctis Slavorum Apostolis, Cyrillo, & Methodio dedicated to Saint Constantine and Methodius, published as part of the two-volume edition of Fándly‘s Príhodné Swátečné Kázňe (Trnava 1795 – 1796). Attention is focused on the area of personal and temporal deixis, on the analysis of means by which the sermon refers to the participants of the communication and their status, role and actual present situation. The study asks whether there is a correlation between the compositional division of sermon and the distribution of deictic expressions, and how deixis participates in the process in which the subject of the Cyrillo-Methodian mission becomes an actual part of the obedient lecture-oriented discourse.
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VYBRANÉ ASPEKTY CEREMÓNIÍ A AUDIENCIÍ SPOJENÝCH S POBYTOM KONŠTANTÍNA A METODA V RÍME. OTÁZKY PROCESIÍ A ARCHITEKTÚRY

88%
Husár M.
Konštantínove listy
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 1
29 – 38
EN
The main goal of the article is to deepen knowledge of ceremonies and audiences of Constantine and Methodius with the 9th century Popes in their capital city, Rome, and in their residences. The abovementioned brothers namely visited Pope Hadrian II (867 – 872) and John VIII (872 – 882). The author of the article takes a look at the possible activities, ceremonies of a reception, and further acting of Constantine and Methodius in Rome. The authors tries to fill the gap in existing primary literary sources by help of indirect primary literary sources and knowledge obtained by architectural research. The Salonica brothers could have officially met with the Popes in the representative places, i.e. in the Vatican Complex, Lateran Palace, or in the important churches of Rome.
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KONŠTANTÍN, METOD A ICH UČENÍCI PRED TVÁRAMI BYZANTSKÝCH CISÁROV

88%
Husár M.
Konštantínove listy
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2013
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vol. 6
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issue 6
69 – 92
EN
The Byzantine missionaries, Constantine and Methodius, were sent to Khazars and the Great Moravia by the Byzantine court of Michael III. Later, Methodius probably visited the court of Basil I where some of his disciples - who visited the court of his successor, Leo VI the Wise as well - could likely come. The “Solun Brothers” and some of their disciples might have met the emperors in the presence of their family, courtiers, servants and guards in the Chrysotriklinos in the 860s – 880s. The primary sources on the ceremonies of the Byzantine court are De ceremoniis aulae Byzantinae, Kletorologion and Vita Hadriani II and the iconographical sources for the examined period are the Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Khludov Psalter.
8
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PRAKTICKÁ FILOZOFIA V ŽIVOTE KONŠTANTÍNA A METODA

75%
Zozuľaková V.
Konštantínove listy
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 1
149 – 157
EN
Constantine and Methodius were well educated and they could speak several languages. They were deeply religious men, leading strict and ascetic way of life, in accordance with Byzantine teachings and traditions. Although the names of both brothers are mainly connected with liturgy in Old Church Slavonic, their mission was of far greater significance. They both disseminated the Byzantine Christian thought by their lifestyle and participation in public life. The paper provides specification of terms related to Constantine’s definition of philosophy and discusses the importance of practical philosophy in the lives of Constantine and Methodius. Furthermore, it focuses on the explanation of the meaning of the knowledge of truth in Byzantine Patristic context. It also focuses on explanation of meaning of knowledge of God the way Constantine and Methodius viewed this issue via theses of significant thinkers, mainly via theses of Gregory the Theologian, one of the most prominent Byzantine authors of the fourth century.
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HISTORICKÉ POZADIE VZNIKU BYZANTSKEJ FILOZOFIE

75%
Zozuľak J.
Konštantínove listy
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 1
110 – 118
EN
The Byzantine culture had a significant influence on the Slavonic cultural context since the arrival of Constantine and Methodius to Great Moravia. Due to the impact of the Enlightenment movement in the 18th century, the history of the Byzantine Empire ended up on the periphery of scientific concern. The very same is true for Byzantine philosophy, which hardly receives any attention from Slovak philosophical circles, despite the fact that, in the 9th century CE, territory of present Slovakia won its place on the philosophical map of Europe as a part of former Great Moravia thanks to Christianizing mission of brothers Constantine and Methodius from Thessaloniki. The recent research revealed the unsubstitutable place of Byzantine philosophy in the history of European philosophical thought. The significant improvement was brought by Byzantinology, bringing the historical research to a turning point. However, the positive change in approach to historical and cultural contributions of Byzantine nations is not integrated in western philosophical awareness yet.
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CYRILOMETODĚJSKÁ STEZKA JAKO PŘÍLEŽITOST PRO VYUŽITÍ A INTERPRETACI SPOLEČNÉHO EVROPSKÉHO KULTURNÍHO DĚDICTVÍ

75%
Peterka M.
Konštantínove listy
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 2
106 – 118
EN
European Cultural Route is the unique pan-European tourism products. This is why the European Commission, European Parliament, member states and the Council of Europe have devoted a lot of attention to them. The aim is to raise awareness of Europe, individual sites, and countries as exceptional tourism areas and destinations. The project European Cultural Route of Saints Cyril and Methodius aims to make visibility and preserve the unique European heritage, authentic story of missionaries Cyril and Methodius, within the 9th and 10th centuries. The goal is the functional European network following the Cyril and Methodius legacy and supporting Christian cultural roots and values based on respect and dialogue between people of varying cultures and faiths.
11
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MONASTIC IDENTITY OF CONSTANTINE THE PHILOSOPHER AND METHODIUS AND THE FIRST SLAVIC TRANSLATIONS OF ASCETIC TEXTS

75%
Zozuľak J.
Konštantínove listy
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2022
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vol. 15
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issue 1
3 - 10
EN
Before their arrival in Great Moravia, the Thessalonian brothers from Thessaloniki Constantine and Methodius lived in the Polychron monastery at Bithynian Olympus, which belonged to the most prominent monastic centres of the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century. There, they became acquainted with the Byzantine Hesychastic tradition, which served as the foundation for their own work and which they passed down to their disciples. The relative shortness of Constantine and Methodius’ stay in Great Moravia precluded the organizing of a monastic way of life in this territory. For this reason, Byzantine Hesychastic tradition only entered the Slavic cultural space with the help of their pupils, who transposed it to the Bulgarian Empire, where first monasteries appeared in the 10th century and became the centres of spiritual and cultural life. The first Slavic translations of ascetic texts The Longer Responses and The Ladder of Divine Ascent are directly linked to the period of establishing the monastic way of life in Bulgaria, on which Constantine and Methodius’ disciples significantly participated. These texts would become the practical handbooks on ascetic way of life for monks. Byzantine monastic practice and ascetic tradition had a marked impact not only on monks, but also on pious laypeople. For them ascetic texts became the models of virtuous life.
12
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ŠPECIFIKÁ MISIE SOLÚNSKYCH BRATOV A ICH AKTUALIZAČNÝ POTECIÁL

75%
Kondrla P., Králik R.
Konštantínove listy
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 2
90 – 97
EN
A missionary activity is a part of the process of reproduction and growth of most religions. Well established religions, religious communities or new religious movements, they each use different methods of missionary activity and they are based on different and often divergent theological principles. They respect the political conditions but also the cultural realities of the given mission territories. The Byzantine mission often had a form of political mission. But Cyril and Methodius did not use the method of binding the faith with social status and political benefits. The spiritual mission does not want to get a large number of believers, but it wants to bring a living faith, which is connected with the culture and language of the mission territories. The pursuit of such ‘living faith’ mission remains in the present European context until now. This phenomenon is reflected primarily in an effort to leave formalism that is connected to the state church, but also in the movement of new evangelization and re-evangelization. All these activities can be seen as a process of actualization of the missionary legacy of Cyril and Methodius, which in turn may be (and should be) considered an authentic way of preserving the foundational values of European culture.
13

VÝSKUM BYZANTSKEJ FILOZOFIE A JEJ PRIENIKU NA VEĽKÚ MORAVU. PRI PRÍLEŽISTOSTI 1150. VÝROČIA PRÍCHODU SVÄTÝCH KONŠTANTÍNA (CYRILA) A METODA

75%
Zozuľak J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 9
790 -799
EN
The importance of philosophical contribution of Byzantium has been strengthened after the World War II by V. Tatakis, professor of philosophy at the Aristotle University in Tessaloniki, Greece. His book La Philosophie Byzantine published in Paris in 1949 is considered a pioneer work in the field. It was also the first general introduction to Byzantine philosophy to appear. It brought the term “Byzantine philosophy” into academic field and was the first systematic work on Byzantine philosophy; it was a significant landmark from the international perspective of the later study of Byzantine philosophy. Before Tatakis’ book was published, neither Western, nor Greek historiography acknowledged the existence of the philosophical thinking in the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire, which lasted 11 centuries. The term “Byzantine philosophy” was officially introduced in 1975 as a name for the international research and study. The Byzantine philosophy is not explored sufficiently in Slovakia. This article wants to contribute to the study of Byzantine philosophy in Slovak academic milieu.
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ŠTÚDIUM BYZANTSKEJ FILOZOFIE V EURÓPE A NA SLOVENSKU

75%
Zozuľak J.
Konštantínove listy
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2017
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vol. 10
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issue 1
3 - 11
EN
Increased interest in a systematic study of Byzantine philosophy study started to appear from the mid-20th century onward. The most influential figure that helped develop this area of research the most in its early formative years was V. Tatakis. Tatakis uncovered the great value of Byzantine civilization and became an inspiration for scholars who followed in his footsteps in France, Spain, Germany, Austria, Greece and elsewhere. The critical edition of Byzantine commentaries on Aristotle published during this time further supported a more complex scientific work in this field. Many unpublished philosophical texts from the Byzantine era wait their processing and publishing in a critical edition, which would make them available to be further examined, studied, and included in the corpus of Byzantine philosophy. The Byzantine thinkers created a cosmology that became foundational for the Byzantine anthropology. On the level of ontology, they introduced the term “person” (πρόσωπον), defined what later became an established terminology (in this field), and contributed to the philosophical interpretation of terms, such as essence (οὐσία), hypostasis (ὑπόστασις), nature (φύσις), energy (ἐνέργεια) and others. Byzantium had a significant impact on the territory of Great Moravia as well. By virtue of the writing, culture, and art that had been brought to our area by Constantine the Philosopher (Cyril) and Method, conditions for the development of culture in the Slavic environment were established.
15
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SV. CYRIL A METOD V SLOVENSKEJ POÉZII 20. A 21. STOROČIA

75%
Gallik J.
Konštantínove listy
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 2
98 – 105
EN
The study aims to draw attention to the reflection of legacy of the Christian mission of the Thessalonian Saints – brothers Constantine-Cyril and Methodius in Great Moravia, as well as on the influence of their artistic work on the Slovak poetry of the 20th and 21st century, because the Christian-humanistic idea stream has been present in the history of Slovak literature with its primary focus on bringing the basic spiritual-religious principles to literature.
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RIMSKI PRVOSVEĆENICI U VRIJEME ĆIRILOMETODSKE MISIJE

75%
Košćak S., Kuhar K.
Konštantínove listy
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2017
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vol. 10
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issue 2
43 - 61
EN
The Mission of Saints Constantine Cyril and Methodius in Great Moravia in the second half of the 9th century took place in certain historical context and paradigm that was determined by theological and disciplinary regulations of the Roman church. The authors are presenting church historical context of the Cyrillo-Methodian mission, the activity of the Roman pontiffs and theological thought that was developed in the ninth century and that had an influence on the inculturation mission of Saint Brothers. With this research, authors are introducing interdisciplinary approach in the theological research, by connecting historical and theological conclusions.
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АПОСТОЛЬСКАЯ МИССИЯ СВЯТЫХ КИРИЛЛА И МЕФОДИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ФЕНОМЕНА СЛОВА В УКРАИНСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ

75%
Kovalchuk N., Jakubovská V.
Konštantínove listy
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2018
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vol. 11
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issue 2
87 - 97
EN
In their contribution, the authors examine the issue of the origin of Slavonic literature, the Old Slavonic language, connected with the important activity of the great Slavic missionaries, Sts. Cyril and Methodius. The formation of the first state of East Slavs coincides with the adoption of Christianity and the confirmation of the word as the divine Logos. In Christian interpretation, the word gains an ontological status of God›s wisdom. The authors examine the development of the word (in terms of the language) by analysing the activities of St. Cyril as the founder of the Kiev letters. Their attention is focused on the analysis of the work of Gregory Skovoroda, Taras Hryhorovich Shevchenko, Lesya Ukrainka and others. Works of these writers show that the word has an archetypal character in Ukrainian culture and its symbolic structure penetrates all stages of its development. The word takes the form of an «apostolic mission», reveals and exposes the soul of the Ukrainian nation. It has Christian origin, and its cultural and historical manifestations strengthen national identity and the nation state.
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CHURCH‘S ATTITUDE TO THE MEANS AND PHILOSOPHY OF COMMUNICATION IN THE 9TH AND 16TH CENTURIES: COURAGE AND TRUST VERSUS ESCAPE AND CENSORSHIP

75%
Adamski A., Przywara B., Przybyło S.
Konštantínove listy
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2020
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vol. 13
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issue 2
111 - 123
EN
This article is interdisciplinary. It concerns the research area of communication and media studies, theology and history. The authors analyze papal documents issued in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, which concerned the distribution of the so-called avvisi - handwritten ephemeral writings, commonly regarded as prototypes of modern press. The authors put forward the hypothesis that the criticism of avvisi at that time was mainly based on an immediate political need, while arguments of theological nature had less influence on this attitude. Nevertheless, such an attitude should be regarded as conservative and withdrawing. The authors juxtapose it with a diametrically different approach to the issue of communication, which the Church presented in relation to the mission of Cyril and Methodius. The courageous and trusting attitude of inculturation and treating the language of the Slavic peoples as an instrument of evangelization allowed for more effective missionary activities.
19
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O POČIATKOCH KRESŤANSTVA NA ÚZEMÍ SLOVENSKA, VÝZNAME CYRILO-METODSKEJ MISIE A JEJ ODOZVÁCH V 10. – 11. STOROČÍ

63%
Ruttkay A. T.
Konštantínove listy
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 2
2 – 10
EN
In the overview on Christianization in the Central Danubian territory, mostly in Slovakia, the author focuses on the origins of Christianity among Slavs, the issue of Great Moravia, missionary work of Constantine and Methodius and the topic of continuity of Christianity in the 9th – 11th centuries. He pays attention to several arguable points in the interpretation of sources and he attempts to describe wider cultural and historical context of early Christianization phases of Slavs from Upper Danube region. He emphasizes the informative value of certain archeological findings related to Christianization from multiple directions – western (Kingdom of the East Franks), south-western (northern Italy, Adriatic region) and southern (Byzantine Empire).
20

POLITICKÝ VÝZNAM PÔSOBENIA KONŠTANTÍNA A METODA NA ÚZEMÍ SLOVENOV, OD ROKU 880 DO 885

63%
Čáky M.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2013
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vol. 6
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issue 1
120 – 141
EN
In Part III, the author examines the significance of Methodius’s role in the negotiations with Pope John VIII in Rome during the issue of Papal Bull Industriae tuae, an important document of the national history of Slovakia. The article attempts to assess the political context of the issue of the papal bull and its political significance for the consolidation of the international position of Svatopluk‘s empire as a politically equal state unit in the European arena and describes Methodius’s Christianisation efforts among the Slavic tribes. Furthermore, it examines his definition of the moral principles of Svatopluk’s temporal rule as a political factor which at that time significantly contributed to the international stability of the Great Moravian State, and analyses efforts of the German clergy in the person of Wiching to undermine Methodius’s influence on the Great Moravian church organization. In the final part, the author assesses Methodius’s efforts to secure the continuation of their mission, Gorazd’s appointment as the successor to the mission of the Thessalonian brethren, and the political context and implications of the papal charter issued by Stephen V on the prohibition of the Slavic liturgy on the Great Moravian territory.
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