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EN
In this paper we deal with the problem, whether number is a property of external things. It is divided into three parts. Firstly Mill’s empirical concept of natural numbers is summarized, then Frege’s arguments against this conception are put forth and finally viewpoints of some contemporary analytical philosophers (first of all G. Kessler), who reject Frege’s critique, are set out. Kessler and his followers in fact revive the abandoned theory of Mill.
EN
According to the positivists, all our knowledge is based on experience which is the foundation not only of every empirical science, but also of those disciplines that are usually considered to be a priori. The paper consists of two main parts. Firstly, a positivist concept of number defended by J. S. Mill is presented; secondly, it is shown how this conception can settle some objections coming from apriori-oriented philosophers. Mill’s theory of number is interesting for at least two historical reasons. It is developed in connection with a relatively rich scholastic logic which is why its methodology is similar to the contemporary philosophy of language; it is indispensable for an appropriate comprehension of the concept of number that was proposed by Mill’s most famous opponent G. Frege.
Filo-Sofija
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2005
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vol. 5
|
issue 5
139-158
EN
This article raise almost unnoticed in the literature problem of a creative relation between J.S. Mill and Harriet Taylor (Mill). The author concentrates her attention on their views concerning the situation and rights of women. Comparing the views of a partners, states that thanks to the method which was combination of Socratic dialog and collaborative self, they created an incredible arrangement resting on the literary collaboration.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2019
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vol. 74
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issue 4
259 – 277
EN
In the discussion on counterfactuals Ramsey invoked Mill's opinion, when he defended the explanation that counterfactuals are elliptical deductive arguments. Similarly, Ramsey's followers did so. However, a more in-depth investigation reveals that Mill's view that conditionals (implications) express inferences is neither set within some theory of deduction, nor within propositional logic, which he could not adequately grasp due to his extreme inductivism. Mill's view of conditionals was simply inspired by Whately. Therefore, Ramsay's designation of Mill as the forerunner of the explanation of counterfactuals in his line is hasty and unjustified. On the other hand, while Whately, unlike Mill, adequately explains the role of deduction in categorical syllogism and partly also in propositional logic, we do not find in his work sufficient support for the explanation of counterfactuals as elliptical expressions of deductive arguments. That is simply because Whately in case of compound statements, including conditionals, unambiguously prefers content-based, nonlogic inference to logical inference.
EN
According to Millianism, the meaning of a name is exhausted by its referent. According to anti-realism about fictional entities, there are no such entities. If there are no fictional entities, how can we explain the apparent meaningfulness of fictional names? Our best theory of fiction, Walton’s theory of make-believe, makes the same assumptions but lacks the theoretical resources to answer the question. In this paper, I propose a pragmatic solution in terms of two main dimensions of meaning, a subjective, psychological dimension and an intersubjective, public dimension. The psychological dimension builds on the notion of mental files; the public dimension builds on Stalnaker’s notion of common ground. The account is coherent with two main theoretical principles, parsimony and uniformity. Furthermore, it satisfies three explanatory conditions posed by the intentionality of our thought and discourse about fiction, object-directedness, counter fictional imagining and intersubjective identification.
EN
This work focuses on the medieval homestead by analysing finds acquired by systematic archaeological surveys on sites of deserted medieval villages. These surveys have proved that the most significant change both in the structure of settlements and in the development of particular villages occurred in the course of the 13the century. This work focuses on resolving the question of the origin and development of the homestead and its internal integration of residential as well as auxiliary buildings. Archaeological research has shown that the basic layout of the three-part house does in fact vary to some extent, as was determined by excavations in the deserted villages of Konůvky and Bystřec. Excavations in Bystřec have delimited several alterations of the layout including single-chamber houses and two-part houses. Research to date has shown that it is not possible to generalize the house types according to findings in one locality. On the contrary, research has shown that regional peculiarities did indeed exist. Within Moravia there is a difference between the south-western and central parts of the region. Changes in the agricultural system also played an important role. The change in the layout of the house took place simultaneously with the development of the yard, where all the auxiliary buildings were located. The yard was eventually filled with stables, granaries, barns, haylofts and sheds. The village of Mstěnice was best equipped with the above-mentioned types of structures. A rising production of grain meant that more buildings were necessary for storage: barns could serve as storage rooms for some time, as the threshing only took place during the winter months.
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