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Dominant and dominated languages

100%
Steinke K.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2007
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vol. 31
291-298
EN
Language is not only the most important tool of communication, but, at the same time, it forms the base for aesthetics, philosophy, cognition and offers the possibility to identify the members of the own group. It also acquires an important function in politics. Especially, in multilingual societies ethnolinguistical conflicts are generated mostly by their different position in language hierarchy. Sometimes, one language dominates all the others in public affairs and becomes even a global language as English in our days. In the EU e.g. this language dominates the others, despite the facts that it is not the mother tongue of the major part of the community and all member languages have de jure the same rights. The role of English is not as unique as sometimes claimed. A similar position had Latin already in the past or Russian, Polish and French in modern times. In the last years the situation for Russian changed completely when it lost its dominant position in many countries. In the case of the Baltic States the previous dominant language became even the dominated one of a minority which lost all its former privileges. Similar was the fate of French or Polish losing their predominant position of the past. The example of Russian in the Baltic States offers to sociolinguistics an interesting field of research and will enable us to formulate some general rules connected with the fundamental changes from a dominant to a dominated language. Certainly, also the position of English will not remain untouched in future and the function of a global language is always a transitory one.
2

IMPACT OF LANGUAGE IDEOLOGIES ON THE LANGUAGE PRACTICES OF ROMA IN SLOVAKIA

75%
Rácová A.
Asian and African Studies
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2018
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vol. 27
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issue 2
192 – 215
EN
This study aims to attempt to elucidate how a complex network of language ideologies affects the attitudes of the language community of the Roma in Slovakia towards Romani and how certain language ideologies lead to particular language practices depending on how they represent the interests of an individual (or a group). As language ideologies related to the Roma’s attitudes to Romani and their communication practices represent a complex system of interrelated ideologies, two language ideologies shall be defined as fundamental for the purposes of this study: the ideology of a minority language and the ideology of the language of a national minority. These two ideologies shall be understood as opposing each other. The ideology of a minority language carries negative connotations. It is characterized mainly by the view of Romani as an inferior language, which is shared by the majority population and consequently also by some members of the minority group. This ideology is related to accepting the absolute dominance of the official state language, the ideology of the harmfulness of bilingualism, and the ideology of language assimilation. The ideology of the language of a national minority, on the other hand, has some positive connotations. It includes the ideology of a fully-fledged language, the ideology of the equality of all languages, the ideology of standard language, or the ideology of children’s right to education in their mother tongue. Both fundamental language ideologies are framed by the ideology of official language and the ideology of bilingualism, which acquire different manifestations in these systems.
3

ETNOKULTÚRNY VÝSKUM SLOVÁKOV V SRBSKU, CHORVÁTSKU A RUMUNSKU – ŠPECIFIKÁ, PERSPEKTÍVY, VÝZNAM

63%
Lenovský L.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2015
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vol. 18
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issue 2
-
EN
The Slovaks living in Serbia, Croatia and Romania are not just a result of historical development from the perspective of assimilation, but they create ethnic communities which are active, purposeful and coordinated. This situation is not a matter of course, automatic or inertia. It is the result of sophisticated and conscious continuous stimulation of ethnicity. Specifics of environments of these Slovaks are an important determinant of general and particular development trends and perspectives of their existence. Ethno-cultural research must therefore take into account the current local, regional and areal context of their identity, language and cultural traditions. It is more effective to perceive the minority culture from the perspectives of its preservation of the cultural wealth and values and to interpret it as the cultural potential that can be converted into the cultural capital.
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