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EN
The paper deals with a problem in formal theory of quantification. Firstly, by way of examples, the author introduces important parts of the theory. Using type analysis, he presents a problem which stems from inadequacy of a rule concerning semantic interpretation of sentences involving n-ary predicates and quantifiers. The author proposes four distinct principles for specific types of sentences. They are generalized into a general semantic rule, which is, finally, applied to particular examples.
EN
The study is devoted to the models of family systems and styles of upbringing. The author attempts to show to what extent preferences for a set of definite beliefs regarding family relationships plays a part in implementing a specific style of upbringing in the family. The aim of the study is to clarify whether the implicit model of beliefs about family corresponds with the explicit model, and insofar as these models do not correspond, to discover with which types of family systems the disharmony of models is associated. The author considers that the specific communication pattern plays an important role in the relation between implicit and explicit models of beliefs about family. Research reveals that a symmetrical communication pattern is characteristic of the kind of family environment where harmony reigns between the implicit and explicit models. Conversely, an asymmetrical communication pattern corresponds to disharmony of the parent´s explicit statements and inconsistency in the management of upbringing, which leads to a mixed mode of upbringing that was recorded, which means that in the framework of social interaction the family systems do not function in their pure form. At the individual level the author´s hypothesis was not confirmed: implicit and explicit models of beliefs about family were found to be in harmony.
EN
Project teams use different optimizing approaches to find an answer to the question of the successful project completion. The paper describes the use of system dynamics for project management simulation. Based on the simulation results, the project team can decide about feasibility of changes and perform measures to achieve project completion successfully and effectively. Suggested model is also an effective communication tool about interconnection of project activities. It is composed to be able to determine, describe and analyse project management variables relations among them. Although simulation doesn’t have to provide optimal solution, it is in line with the current trends of making decisions fast and then looking for its optimization.
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EN
This article is a reaction to M. Komarek's essay Communication versus system? (1999) and is primarily concerned with the critical analysis of the dichotomic concept of natural language. In particular, the absence of empirical evidence for a language system (langue) is pointed out, which creates serious issues for the entire structuralist approach. That is, if it is impossible to have empirical experience with a language system (langue), it is thus impossible from the position of empirical science to make any sort of claim regarding the relationship between this system and concrete instances of speech. It is thus deemed necessary to reject the langue-parole dichotomy in linguistics. The aim of non-dichotomic linguistics is, then, to create models of the speech behavior of language users, not the reconstruction of a language system (langue). As natural language in actual communication is quite varied, these models will have a merely approximative character.
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Sociológia (Sociology)
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2012
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vol. 44
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issue 4
478 – 496
EN
The present text summarizes the various approaches and current theoretical models of quality of life (QOL), which are sociological, as well as other literature from the social sciences appearing in the last decade. This paper seeks to describe basic trends of the conception of this term. Also this paper defines the basic exploration of the issue (objective QOL, subjective experiential QOL, subjectively perceived QOL). In addition to the basic structural options and a holistic grasp of quality of life, some known and lesser-known theoretical models and the collective definition of QOL are also presented. Finally, the author presents his own proposal for the study of QOL in the form of the modified model, the so-called "four qualities of life."
EN
Take place detail process of analyse risk’s in investation projects. A prognosis model is also grounded. Make precise notion “uncertainty”. Definite speciality element’s of reduce risk’s in investation projects.
EN
The aim of the article is to present and analyse examples (exempla) in Bl. Boleslawa Lament's Supplement to her rule and constitutions of the Congregation of the Missionary Sisters of the Holy Family. The genre under discussion was particularly popular in the Middle Ages, however it is still used in sermons and didactic literature. The examples are taken mainly from the lives of the saints particularly associated with the spirituality of the Congregation and are inserted in the main text to illustrate the virtues to be practised by the sisters.
EN
The paper studies the problem of improving the approach to assessing the value of the company, which would take into account more factors of influence and give more adequate information on the cost of business, taking into account possible changes in the future. Most approaches to the assessment of the companies are based on static indicators that do not provide comprehensive information about the pace of development of the enterprise, and cannot determine its real market potential, which will determine the flow of profits from future operations or sales. In order to establish an adequate cost entrepreneurial businesses proposed to use the integrated index of the company value, the calculation of which is based on the use of the principles of both the income and cost approaches that would allow for a wider range of information.
EN
Besides derivatives that belong to the general Polish language, the structure of a word-formation root also includes some units that bear special meanings. By projecting the lexical stock of contemporary glossaries, roots take over also those elements of lexical description, which make it possible to relate a given formation to some definite register of the Polish language. This paper contains an analysis of derivatives, whose usages are limited to some definite environments, especially scientific ones, or sporadically - social ones. They have been called terminological formations, as they create their lexical subsystem, they function within the terminology of a given area, and constitute its vocabulary representation, e.g. (ciecz-o-mierz-(a null morpheme)) (flow-meter) Supl. techn. 'an instrument that measures the volume of liquid that flows through it'. Formations that are qualified as geographical, chronological, expressive and frequentative ones have fallen outside our area of interest. The material comes from the SGS Verb volume, including 3,730 bases and approximately 35,000 derivative words, out of which 6,451 derivatives belong to terminological ones. It has been observed that the derivation degree does not affect the frequency of terminological lexemes, whereas their frequency is strictly connected with their grammatical classification. A decisive majority of qualified derivatives are Nouns; then come Adjectives, and Verbs occur only marginally. Terminological usages meet the systemicity condition by duplicating their ready-made construction models and using their worked out derivative paths, thus gaining in transparency. Nevertheless, the stability of such mechanisms may only be observed at the level of models; it is absent from the multitude of derivative techniques and word-formation types. Derivative specificity of selected qualifiers is clearly visible. On the other hand, no inheritance of qualifiers by formations, which remain in direct semantic and formal relations, has been noticed.
EN
Reading comprehension is one of the components of reading literacy, and also bears on the learning process and student outcomes overall. There are different meta-cognitive, motivational and emotional factors which contribute to reading comprehension. Our study included 470 5th grade primary school students. In this paper authors propose a confirmatory model of reading comprehension. The following factors are included in the model: meta-cognitive factors (vocabulary, reading speed, summarizing, and meta-cognitive reading knowledge), motivational factors (reading interest and reading competency), and emotional factors (feelings during recreational reading and academic reading). The model shows the direct and indirect effects of the evaluated factors on students' reading comprehension. These effects have important implications for future educational practice.
EN
Different approaches to the interpretation of the category "investment" and "innovation" have been presented and evaluated in this article. The basic characteristics and particular qualities of investigated definition have been mentioned. The article shows that the basis of theoretical understanding of the investment and innovation process is showing of any economic system as a complex open system, which allows to use the principles of synergetic campaign for the development of effective models of transition systems from one state to another, qualitatively new state, and also makes it possible to search for universal principles of self-organization and evolution of complex economic systems. The author of the article suggests the model which allows describing qualitatively the self-consistent evolutionary action of investment and innovation processes of economic systems. In the framework of the adiabatic approximation shows the solution of the model, corresponding to the equation of the Landau-Khalatnikov synergy potential coincides with a similar potential for the usual Lorentz system.
EN
The study is based on the observation that when portraying the character of mother in TV series, there is the repeated use of specific elements and attributes that create the character. By analysing thirty series that involve the theme of family, it is trying to define several groups of characteristics that make up the few repeated models when portraying a mother. It defines these models in terms of dramaturgy, therefore in the way in which they should appear to television viewers. It also points out that the same model of portrayal can be found in different genre contexts.
EN
In the article represented a new approach to the minimizing line of innovative investment activities. The necessity of accounting line of innovative investment activities and the definition of reduction ways are defined. An attempt was made to minimize a risk at the expense of reserving resources at some assumptions. It is shown that this activity relates with the probability of losing of resources and receiving less revenues and the emergence of additional costs. The main directions of reducing of innovative and investment activities are presented: the distribution of risk between project participants, insurance and reserving funds. The risks inside the organizations, the ways of minimizing, programming and management, choice of the optimal solutions of available alternatives are considered. Use of presented techniques can help prevent a crisis situation. You must create the domestic system of analysis to the specific market conditions.
EN
The authors offer model of the optimum mechanism of regulation of the telecommunication market, in which can be combined advantages of state regulation with market self-regulation. The tasks, importance and functions of state regulation of the telecommunication market are considered, is shown, that the working mechanisms of regulation in Russia, Ukraine and Azerbaijan are not optimum, the directions of introduction of the given model and optimizations of regulation of sphere of telecommunications are offered.
EN
This article presents an interpretation and critical assessment of Jan Korensky's recent collection of fifteen theoretical interdisciplinary essays (2004). The essays deal with linguistic as well as epistemological, communicative, semiotic and environmentally ethical questions integrated into a unifying philosophical paradigm. An essential component of this philosophical framework is a linguistic theory based on the primacy of parole, the dynamics of language, the conceptualized metaphor of play, and attracted by procedures of formalization and modelling. The author's major inspiration is his belief in the critical power of Derridean deconstruction. His profound motivation is a vision of giving existential hope to present-day endangered mankind by constructing a dialectically renewed rationalism and by removing or reducing existing epistemological and linguistic limitations. Special attention is paid to terminology. Key terms of the text are discussed at length and, in addition, separate essays deal with science, function, convention, paradox, vagueness and chaos. Three more specific essays concern sociolinguistic problems of the European Union and the language of a metropolis. The article also includes sections on the author's vocabulary - its multidisciplinary variety, metaphors, redefinitions and connotations, and on the complexity and readability of the text.
EN
Photography is able to express all kinds of time that man can sense and be conscious of. The author tries to show how time of nature, time of culture and psychic time co-exist in photographic image which is the result of interactions between man and his surroundings. Included is a review of photography definitions with analysis of how they relate to the notion of time. Discussed are close links between the concept of objectivity in time and photography. On the other hand he points at differences between mathematical and psychological interpretation of time and discusses an usefulness of treating photography as a model. Next the authorI ties to explain the conflict between scientific and artistic uses of photography, taking into account art manifestations at the break of 19th and 20th century where the important problem was how time and movement may be represented. He also explains the ideas of time presence in paintings and how they were adopted in photography. The problem of 'decisive moment' in photography is discussed on that occassion. Next he refers to problems of memory and to the question of how can we identyfy ourselves with the past through photography. In conclusion the author states that defining photography as a model of time or reality misleads us in some respects and finds the term expression much better to explain how time can be felt in our dynamic relations with photography image.
ARS
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2016
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vol. 49
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issue 1
68 – 81
EN
The paper outlines an analysis of compliance of historical panorama representation using spatial transformation. Although this method deals usually with maps, the reliability of this unconventional experiment may be supported by theoretical principles of cartography and descriptive geometry. The fresco has been spatially transformed using a geo-referencing tool, e.g. it was given spatial positions according to the points identified on the drawing as well. The purpose was to quantify the differences of the artworks. A way to implement exact mathematical methods in historical research was demonstrated. The geospatial approach was forced to abandon the usual point of view and to perceive a kind of geographic data from the position of an artist – landscape painter.
EN
The main idea of the article is to show the image of a woman in “Super Express” and “Fakt.” The analysis of three areas — stereotypes, language and photos — allowed to create a simple and coherent image of a woman. Conclusions refer to popular culture and the situation of Polish society. In the text linguists’ and media researchers’ articles were recalled, which placed the problem in a broader context.
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