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KAUKAZ CEZ KALEIDOSKOP RUSKEJ LITERATÚRY

100%
Laučíková K.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2011
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vol. 14
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issue 1
-
EN
The Caucasus had an image of hostile country full of bloodthirsty barbarians in the Russian representation of the 18th - 19th century. It became a place of exile of inconvenient people from the intelligentsia. The mountains were absolutely new phenomena for the Russians writers coming from the large plains. The Caucasus of the Russian writers is a creation of their imagination, a place where they put on their mental projections and wishes. In the depiction of the mountains, they found a way to express their desire to return to the natural world with the attributed qualities like spontaneity, innocence, carelessness. To some writers it became a means to limit their own identity and created a new category of men standing between the 'civilisation' and the 'barbarian' world. Pushkin created an exotic image of the highlanders - warrior children of the nature and his poem The prisoner of the Caucasus introducing the concept of freedom and liberty influence the perception of Caucasus among Russian readers. Lermontov was fascinated by the tradition of the blood vengeance and depicted the highlanders as the 'noble savage men' whom the anthropologist R. Bartra judges as a cultural necessity to the 'civilised' European who discovered his suppressed primary element, his alter-ego. The imaginary Caucasus of e. g. Marlinskij, Gneditch, E. Gan is full of handsome man, brave warriors and the passionate women giving a pleasure to every man who wants. Certain themes have been overtaken by other writers like the prisoner of the Caucasus, Queen Tamara and demon. The literary imagination seems to be a way for the writers to domesticate, gain control over a strange country.
2
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Čeští vystěhovalci na Kavkaze ve druhé polovině 19. a na začátku 20. století

84%
Krjučkov I. V., Pticyn A. N.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2012
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vol. 98
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issue 3-4
233-249
EN
The essay comments on the genesis of the Czech émigrés' emigration from the Habsburg Monarchy to the Caucasus Mountains, one of the main regions where they settled down. The author monitors individual waves of emigration, formation of the Czech diaspora and transformations of the Russian policy towards the immigrants. The Czech émigrés brought with them modern farming technologies and intensit farming methods that were gradually adopted by the local population. Entrepreneurs, who formed an important group, contributed to the development of local industry with beer brewing, meat processing or building industry. Czech teachers played an important role. Musicians represented a specific group especially in large tors such as Tiflis, Stavropol and Baku. The Czech colonizers gradually became Russian citizens, but many of them preferred to keep their Austrian nationality and return to their country after some time. A vast majority of them remained members of the Roman Catholic Church, but more and more of them gradually joined the Orthodox Church. The success of the Czech émigrés was based on their diligence and high level of literacy, which sharply contrasted with the level of the local population. The Czechs pursued a federative life and established compatriots' associations. A large Czech diaspora lived in the Caucasus Mountains in the early 20th century, but it became depleted after the revolution and the civil war.
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