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EN
The problem of modeling longitudinal profiles is considered assuming that the population and elements’ affiliation to subpopulations may change in time. Some longitudinal model which is a special case of the general linear model (GLM) and the general linear mixed model (GLMM) is studied. In the model two random components are included under assumptions of simultaneous spatial autoregressive process (SAR) and temporal first-order autoregressive process (AR(1)) respectively. The accuracy of model parameters’ restricted maximum likelihood estimators is considered in the simulation.
PL
Rozważany jest problem modelowania profili wielookresowych zakładając, że populacja i przynależność elementów domen mogą zmieniać się w czasie. Proponowany model jest przypadkiem szczególnym ogólnego modelu liniowego i ogólnego mieszanego modelu liniowego. W modelu tym uwzględniono dwa wektory składników losowych spełniające odpowiednio założenia przestrzennego modelu autoregresyjnego i modelu autoregresyjnego rzędu pierwszego w czasie. W symulacji rozważano dokładność estymatorów parametrów modelu uzyskanych metodą największej wiarygodności z ograniczeniami.
EN
Sustainable development became the subject of scientific analysis and key concept in management practice. The model of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) created in 60s and developed in 80s of 20 century, was criticized and re-defined. The paper presents characterizes of reconstruction CSR model in the way of (1) CSR 2.0, (2) CSV - Corporate Share Value and (3) CSP – Corporate Social Performance. On the practical level, scientists and practitioners agree that model created in Transnational Corporations and huge companies, should be implemented by other firms, especially SME’s. However, in such argumentation that SME’s are well-known actor in their communities and they are responsible from point of view “human nature”. Additionally, a lot of companies, even small and medium, realized model of cooperation or community building among stakeholders, what means that they realized new models of CSR without definitions of such process. The aim of the article is to analyses the role of SME’s in implementation of new concepts of CSR, as CSR 2.0, CSV or CSP. The case studies of firms in polish economic reality, small towns and villages and the case study of the tool which is used for building CSR model, should show the existing model of responsibility. The paper is based on ethnography and autoethnography methods. In both cases analysis are qualitative studies.
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