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EN
This article offersan introduction to the El Fuerte de Samaipata site as a unique example of pre-Hispanic cultural heritage in Bolivia, and discusses the importance of current research for the conservation and preservation of the site. The rock carvings and the actual rock on the site have to be viewed in correlation with the adjacent architectural remains and the landscaping and seen as a complete unit. A summary of current knowledge concerning the site is presented, and it shows that the scale of the rock art at Samaipata has no parallel in the Americas, as specified in the description of the site on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The site has been compared to some sites in Bolivia and Peru in terms of the problems facing the protection of heritage monuments. The new approach guided by the Polish mission for research on the architecture and rock art of the site is well justified by the methods and methodology used for its comprehensive documentation.
PL
Artykuł jest tekstem wprowadzającym do przedstawienia stanowiska El Fuerte de Samaipata jako wyjątkowego przykładu dziedzictwa latynoskiego w Boliwii i omawia znaczenie bieżących badań dla zachowania tego miejsca. Zarówno ryty naskalne, jak i samą skałę należy postrzegać łącznie i roz-patrywać w powiązaniu z pobliskimi reliktami architektonicznymi i całym krajobrazem. Zaprezentowano stan obecnej wiedzy na temat tego miejsca i jednocześnie podkreślono, jak podsumowano to we wpisie Samaipata na Listę Światowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO, że skala i waga tych przykładów sztuki naskalnej nie ma swojego odpowiednika w obu Amerykach. W artykule porównano Samaipata z niektórymi przykładami w Boliwii i Peru pod względem problemów związanych z ochroną zabytków. Nowe podejście wykreowane przez polską misję badań nad architekturą i sztuką naskalną Samaipata jest dobrze uzasadnione metodami i metodologią zastosowaną do jego kompleksowej dokumentacji.
EN
The article contains an interdisciplinary presentation of the protection of the archaeological heritage of Peru. The author discusses prime cultural and natural factors posing a threat to the relics of ancient civilisations. Special emphasis is placed on dangers associated with man’s activity, which legal norms are capable of effectively counteracting. A depiction of the Peruvian legal state and its comparison with Polish law intends not only to depict solutions serving the protection of archaeological monuments but also to delineate a model of regulating laws protecting the cultural heritage. The key features of the examined legislation include centralisation, preference for state ownership and activity, considerable restrictions of the right of ownership and the civil law circuit of cultural property. The application of the institutions of civil law and the private legal model of regulating the protection of cultural property is a relatively frequent phenomenon. A practical analysis of the functioning of binding legal regulators and their effectiveness in preventing the degradation of cultural heritage made it possible to formulate proposals of legal changes and postulates of undertakings capable of increasing the effectiveness of the law concerned with the protection of cultural property in Peru.
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