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The purpose of this paper is to present and attempt to reconcile the seemingly divergent opinion of Maimonides in the matter of his relation to the new monotheistic religions – Islam and especially Christianity. In the first place the author will present and analyze Maimonides’ statements on Christianity, derived both from his halachic, as well as philosophical texts, ordered in such a way as to show the spread of opinion, and even the seeming contradiction. One of the criteria for ordering here is Maimonides’ attitude to Islam. In the second part of the work the author will attempt to synthesize Maimonides’ conceptions basing on his other texts.
EN
The article discusses the metamorphoses of a book: The Guide for the Per-plexed by Moses Maimonides. The receptions of the book from the time of its publication (1191), and especially his translation into Hebrew (1224) were diverse and went through many changes during the last eight centuries. From its publication the book caused a storm among Jewish thinkers and rabbis, and was accused of being a profanation, was banned, and even burned. These facts are particularly intriguing taking into account the authoritative role of Maimonides in the Jewish world, who was considered as the second Moses, was named the “great eagle”, and his book Mishneh Torah, a comprehensive code of Halakhah (Jewish law) is a canonical book since then. Acceptance and rejection of this book can be observed in the Jewish world till today. The book was understood as the source for very different philosophical and theo-logical approaches. Therefore, it has a sense to talk about ‘many Guides for the Perplexed’. The article is concentrated particularly, on modern times: Haskalah and Zionism.
EN
The article deals with the concept or the image of God in the Hebrew Bible and the various understandings and interpretations of it by Jewish thinkers through generations. The biblical text, full of contradictions and anthropomorphic assertions about God, was a source of discomfort for Jewish philosophers and theologians. Therefore, the sublima-tion and distillation of the text was necessary, and it was done by use of different her-meneutical methods. The article deals with various attributes of the biblical God, and presents different theological and philosophical interpretations of that issue by major Jewish thinkers.
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