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The Biblical Annals
|
1991
|
vol. 38
|
issue 1
43-58
PL
The purpose of the article is an analysis of a pericope Ml 2, 10-16 with special regard to a teaching about marriage, which is contained in the pericope. Three principal problems are discussed: literary gender (I), exegetical analysis which helps to lay down fundamental ideas of the pericope as follows: (a) marriage as a convenant, (b) God as a witness of the covenant, (c) Israelite wife as: „wife of youth”, „partner for life”, „wife of covenant” (II) and theological conclusions concerning these ideas (III). The pericope 2, 10-16 consists of two parts: vv. 10-12 concern a problem of intermarriages and vv. 13-16- a problem of divorces. Marriages with pagan women are called by prophet Malachi „an abomination”. Such marriages are acts, which insult a covenant with God and profane a temple, which is a „holiness” beloved by God. Malachi calls pagan wives „daughters of foreign gods” and underlines in this way a guilt of Israelite husbands, pointing to close connection of these women with false gods. Men, who don’t care about it, marrying pagan women in spite of everything will be punished by deprivation of certain rights within community they betrayed. They will be put away from social and religious life and won’t be able to make atonement with any kind of offerings, because they will not even have the right to offer sacrifices to God. In the same radical way the prophet condemns divorces. He stresses a fact that Israelite wives were divorced without their own guilt and opposes them to „daughters of foreign gods”, calling them: „wives of youth”, „partners for life” and „wives of covenant”. This first marital union have had a great value, for God himself was its witness. The prophet defends abandoned wives, condemns unfaithful husbands and warns of such proceeding, which hits holinees of a marital convenant.
The Biblical Annals
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2023
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vol. 13
|
issue 1
37-81
EN
The article aims to demonstrate that Mal 2:1–9 is a manifesto of the reform that led to the degradation of the Levites in Nehemiah’s time (mid-fifth century BC), elevating a new generation of priests, who may have been Sadocites or Aaronites, to the chief priesthood (the OT texts are not conclusive here). On the one hand, Julius Wellhausen’s theory, which indicates that the degradation of the Levites was an aftermath of Josiah’s reform, is challenged, while on the other, certain texts (2 Kgs 23:9–10; texts P and Ezek 44:10–16) are interpreted as a post-exile attempt to archaically project the degradation of the Levites to the pre-exile period. An exegetical analysis further reveals that Mal 2:1–9 (together with some Deuteronomistic texts) is the youngest and last historical testimony to the Levites’ priesthood prior to their degradation. A new translation and interpretation enrich the previous understanding of the pericope. It is also plausible that a close associate of Nehemiah or Nehemiah himself is disguised as Malachi.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu wykazanie, że Ml 2,1-9 jest manifestem reformy, która doprowadziła do degradacji lewitów w czasach Nehemiasza (połowa V w. przed Chr.), wynosząc do rangi głównego kapłaństwa nową linię kapłanów, którymi mogli być sadokici lub aaronici (teksty ST nie są tu jednoznaczne). Z jednej strony podważa się teorię Juliusa Wellhausena, według której degradacja lewitów była pokłosiem reformy Jozjasza, z drugiej zaś interpretuje się inne teksty (2Krl 23,9-10; P i Ez 44,10-16) jako powygnaniową próbę archaizującej projekcji degradacji lewitów na okres sprzed wygnania. Analiza egzegetyczna wykazuje ponadto, że Ml 2,1-9 (wraz z niektórymi tekstami deuteronomistycznymi) jest najmłodszym i ostatnim historycznym świadectwem o kapłaństwie lewitów sprzed ich degradacji. Nowe tłumaczenie i interpretacja ubogaca dotychczasowe rozumienie perykopy. Nie wyklucza się też, że pod postacią Malachiasza kryje się bliski współpracownik Nehemiasza lub sam Nehemiasz.
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