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EN
The current state of research on acculturation indicates that this issue has gained a growing interest in recent years among researchers such as Rudmin, Berry, Kim, Abreu, Malewska-Peyre. In the 1930’s, thanks to anthropologists such as Redfield, Linton and Herskovits, an understanding of the phenomenon of acculturation crystalized in the humanistic discourse. Already in the eighteenth century the idea of cultural identity in Western Europe interested Johann Gottfried Herder, who believed that every culture is homogeneous and national. A polemic with this vision of culture, which was paradigmatic for the nineteenth and twentieth century, was expounded by Wolfgang Welsch, who proposed his own concept of transculturality in the era of globalization. Wolfgang Welsch’s concept of transcultural identity is an important turning point in the study of the phenomenon of acculturation, which, as a matter of interest to psychologists, anthropologists, sociologists and philosophers of culture, is usually analyzed at the group level and opens the way to transfer these studies to the level of creative individual experience, specified in literary texts. The aim of the article is therefore an attempt to look at the image of acculturation fixed in the Parisian Tarot by Manuela Gretkowska, and the subject of interest are the artistic strategies for expressing this phenomenon.
EN
The article is an attempt to outline a long-neglected issue and relate a general category, usually placed outside the achievements of “traditional” art, to stricte literary phenomena. The first chapter, Na tropach kiczu (On the trail o f trash), concentrates on establishing the range of meaning of the term discussed. It is not aimed at constructing an unambiguous definition but at producing a brief outline of the complex character of the issue. The author does not limit herself to a negative understanding of the phenomenon, but also emphasizes its multi-aspect presence in widely termed culture. The second chapter, О kiczu literaturze (On trash in literature), deals with the general ways in which the phenomenon functions and the ways of revealing the phenomenon in literary works and discusses various manifestations of the problem in particular texts. It presents instances of plain trash as well as pieces of writing where trash appears at the level of the world presented and where it is often subjecl to all sorts of tricks and many kinds of mystification. Chapter third, entitled Kicz opisany i sparodiowany: proza Manueli Gretkowskiej (Trash described and parodied: the prose by Manuela Gretkowska), is directly connected with the issues raised in the title of the article. The subjecl of this part of the publication is the literary output of this contemporary Polish writer, particularly her first three novels: My zdies' emigranty [1992], Tarot paryski (The Paris Tarot) [1993] and Kabaret Metafizyczny (Metaphysical Cabaret) [1994]. However, the aim of this chapter is not to characterize the novels but to comprehensively present the issue of trash in actual practice; that is, to give examples of the problems briefly discussed above. In the prose trash manifests itself at various levels of meaning and is subject to parody, the aim of which is not only to discredit or mock the phenomenon, but also to reach its essence and reveal its unique mechanisms. In the texts discussed here trash seems to lead to parody and parody to trash, which means that both the categories are closely and inseparably linked with each other. This is especially visible at the level of the strategy of reception, which is part ol the novels. The issue is discussed in the fourth chapter, entitled Gdzie jest czytelnik, gdy go nie ma? Strategia odbioru według Manuell Gretkowskiej (Where is the reader when there is no reader? The strategy o f reception by Manuela Gretkowska). The last chapter, with the title Wokół postmodernizmu (On postmodernism), is an attempt to summarize the above issues and place them in a wider context. It presents the three novels against a background of the achievements of contemporary literature and art, which are usually regarded as postmodernist, makes them part of aesthetics, using a specific sort of style called camp-art by Susan Sontag, which consists in deliberate staggering on the borderland between bad and good tastes, an apotheosis of exaggeration as well as exhibiting trash perceived as a cultural element, a symptom of “new sensitivity” and an absolutely ambiguous phenomenon.
EN
This article looks at the Women’s Party, founded by the Polish author and columnist Manuela Gretkowska in 2007, from the perspective of ‘embarrassing female performance’ – an initiative that is empowering yet leaves the audience baffled. The author discusses the founding of the party, analysing the socio-political conditions of its emergence and the difficulties encountered by its activists since its beginning. The article also presents the media’s response to the establishment and activity of the party. The author claims that the defeat that Manuela Gretkowska’s initiative ultimately suffered in the election was connected with its gradual departure from the embarrassing performance format as well as with the acceptance of far-reaching ideological compromises. She argues that in the case of the Women’s Party, the political program was overshadowed by the imperative to act, aimed at pushing women to politicize their needs.
Tematy i Konteksty
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2020
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vol. 15
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issue 10
542-547
EN
The monograph of Maria Janoszka, entitled The Manuscript Found in Saragossa by Jan Potocki and selected novels from the 20th century (Fowles--Rosendorfer-Gretkowska) is the first attempt to tackle the problem suggested by the title. Janoszka tries to show the unusual modernity of Potocki’s masterpiece. She researches the intertextual relations between The Manuscript and three 20th- -century novels (The Magus, The Architect of Ruins, Rękopis nieodnaleziony, czyli zalety szubienic). The author focuses on the composition of works, genre and literary conventions. She also analyze the construction of the protagonist and novel spaces. The book is well documented and it has been written in an interesting way, making the monograph an incentive to continue research on Potocki’s masterpiece, which is a pioneering and still inspiring novel.
PL
Monografia Marii Janoszki zatytułowana Rękopis znaleziony w Saragossie Jana Potockiego oraz wybrane powieści XX wieku (Fowles-Rosendorfer-Gretkowska) to pierwsza próba zmierzenia się z zasugerowanym w tytule problemem. Janoszka stara się pokazać niezwykłą nowoczesność arcydzieła Potockiego. Bada intertekstualne relacje między Rękopisem a trzema powieściami XX wieku (Mag, Architekt ruin, Rękopis nieodnaleziony, czyli zalety szubienic). Autorka koncentruje się na kompozycji utworów, gatunkach i konwencjach literackich. Analizuje także konstrukcję bohatera i nowe przestrzenie. Książka jest dobrze udokumentowana i została napisana w ciekawy sposób, dzięki czemu monografia stała się zachętą do dalszych badań nad arcydziełem Potockiego, które jest powieścią pionierską i wciąż inspirującą.
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