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"(…) a tak Její Veličenstvo nejmilostivěji nařizuje, aby byl také tento nešvar odstraněn". Císařovna Marie Terezie jako patronka Tereziánského ústavu šlechtičen v Praze:

100%
Žáková M., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2020
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vol. 35
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issue 1
109-141
EN
The study analyzes activities of Maria Theresa as the foundress and patroness of the Theresian Foundation for Noblewomen at Prague Castle. The Foundation was established in 1755 and served as a prominent care giving institution for unmarried women from noble families. Attention is paid for instance to the issue of patrons’ motivation, the way individual members of the Foundation were chosen as well as to individual factors that influenced the granting of the Empress’s support. Furthermore, particular forms of Maria Theresa’s patronage activities connected with the everyday functioning of the Foundation are observed – especially the ways of communication with the leading representatives, the development of personal ties with the members of the socalled body of superior ladies, as well as forms of active involvement in the routine functioning of the Foundation through issuance of new directives to which the Empress resorted in reaction to repeated breaches of current regulations. The study also focuses on the figure of the first abbess of the Foundation at Hradčany, the Empress’s eldest daughter Archduchess Marie Anna (1738-1789).
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The Delegation of the Bohemian King-Elector to the Election of the New Roman King in Frankfurt am Main, 1745

86%
Kubeš J.
Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies
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2022
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vol. 6
65-97
EN
It may seem that we know a lot about the elections and coronations of Roman kings and emperors in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and this also applies to the one of 1745, when Francis I Stephen became emperor. However, very little attention has been paid to the electoral delegations, their tasks, and their role in the pre-election negotiations. This article will therefore analyse the instructions issued by Queen Maria Theresa of Bohemia, who did not personally come to Frankfurt am Main for the election, to her diplomats. The analysis will then be supplemented by additional sources from the National Archives in Prague, where the reports of the delegation and other sources have been preserved. The election of 1745 is thoroughly compared with the elections of 1657–58 (Leopold I), 1711 (Charles VI), and 1742 (Charles VII). The author shows who made up the Bohemian delegation and how some of these diplomats’ tasks changed over time. Although the delegation of three noblemen – Counts Wurmbrand and Khevehüller, and Baron Hilleprand – had mainly ceremonial tasks, its role was also crucial in the actual negotiations, both on the very day of the election, then when it represented the Queen in the cathedral, and finally in conclave vote and when it was given other tasks (such as organising the celebratory banquet, illuminating the houses, etc.). It is evident that the delegation helped Queen Maria Theresa and her family regain possession of the imperial title.
3
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Panovnice na rozhraní epoch a cesta k modernímu státu a právnímu řádu : (Před třemi sty lety se narodila Marie Terezie)

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Vojáček L.
Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
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2017
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vol. 156
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issue 5
369-395
EN
The article commemorates the three hundredth anniversary of the birth of Maria Theresa, which falls on the 13th of May 2017. The author introduces Maria Theresa as a symbol of the times when Habsburg monarchy cautiously, yet determinedly took the path that lead to the modern state (to its more effective functioning with the use of professional staff and legal norms applicable to everyone), and to more just a society. In other words, to what we today call western society – with all its strengths and weaknesses.Maria Theresa started the revolutionary transformation of society, including the new perspective on the functioning of the state and of the role of law, with the help of her responsible attitude to her duties as a head of state and her ability to reflect the needs of society. The author deals with the motivations, content and consequences of the most important Theresian reforms. He mentions the reforms of state apparatus (new organisation and professionalization of advisory and administrative bodies, as well as judiciary), codification of the Czech-Austrian criminal and exchange law, as well as the efforts to codify civil law and to adopt financial, military, commercial, villeinage, church and school reforms.He appreciates that, although these reforms were less radical than those later introduced by Joseph II., they were often more permanent. The author also pays attention to how the Theresian reforms were assessed by her contemporaries as well as (legal) history textbooks of the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century, of the times of the First Czechoslovak Republic and of the post- February Czechoslovakia and Czechoslovakia in the times of normalisation.
CS
Článek je připomenutím třístého výročí narození Marie Terezie, které připadá na 13. května tohoto roku. Autor panovnici představuje jako symbol doby, v níž habsburská monarchie opatrně, ale zároveň rázně nakročila na cestu vedoucí k modernímu státu, k jeho efektivnějšímu řízení prostřednictvím profesionálního aparátu a pro všechny platných právních předpisů a k sociálně spravedlivější společnosti, tedy k tomu, co dnes – se všemi klady i zápory – považujeme za západní civilizaci. Přicházející revoluční přeměnu společnosti, včetně nového pohledu na fungování státu a na roli práva, Marie Terezie odstartovala svým odpovědným přístupem k panovnickým povinnostem a schopností reflektovat potřeby společnosti. Autor přibližuje motivace, obsah a důsledky nejdůležitějších tereziánských reforem. Zmiňuje reformy státního aparátu (novou organizaci a profesionalizaci poradních orgánů, správních orgánů i soudnictví), kodifikaci jednotného česko-rakouského trestního a směnečného práva i pokus o kodifikaci práva občanského, finanční, vojenské, národohospodářské, poddanské, církevní i školské reformy. Oceňuje přitom, že reformy z tereziánského období nebyly tak razantní jako pozdější opatření Josefa II., často však byly daleko trvalejší. Stručně si také všímá, jak tereziánské reformy hodnotili současníci a učebnice dějepisu a právních dějin z konce 19. a začátku 20. století, z doby první Československé republiky a z poúnorového i normalizačního Československa.
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