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EN
The cult of Our Lady in the Czerwińsk church of the Canons Regular dates back to the church’s beginnings. It was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, which is confirmed in the bull of Pope Hadrian IV from 1155. The patroness of the church and the abbey has always been especially venerated there, as witnessed in the monastery’s liturgy and customs. In 1612, Łukasz of Łowicz was commissioned by the Czerwińsk Canons Regular to do a painting of Our Lady (figs.1, 2) modelled on Our Lady of the Snows (S. Maria Maior, Salus Populi Romani, fig. 1) from the Roman Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. Around 1630, the painting was placed on the new high altar. Venerated by the faithful, it came to be known as miraculous. Miracles had been testified to since 1647, and were officially recognized in 1648. The cult of the painting of Our Lady of Czerwińsk in Her sanctuary, called the Jasna Góra of Czerwińsk has continued uninterrupted to this day. On September 6, 1970, the painting was crowned with papal crowns by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, Primate of Poland. In the Czerwińsk sanctuary over 100 silver votive plates offered by pilgrims have been preserved (figs. 3 -10), the oldest of them dating from the 1640s
EN
The article seeks to answer whether John Henry Newman (1801-1890), outstanding theologian of nineteenth-century England and  a Catholic convert, was particularly worshipful of Holy Virgin Mary. He would express his piety towards the Blessed Virgin, revered as the Mother of God, through his writings. The author thus analyzes the publications from the Anglican and the Catholic periods in Newman’s life, in which the latter referred to the Mother of the Word Incarnate. In his sermons, essays, speeches, lectures and letters, the eminent representative of the English Church conveys his attitude to the Mother of God.
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Mariánská topologie a Ornythologie

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EN
Jan Ignác Dlouhoveský (1638-1701) is the author of some forty works, mostly prayer books, the most important of which is the cycle, Ornythologia Mariana, dedicated to the Palladium of the Czech lands in Stará Boleslav. The cycle was evidently never completed. It was meant to comprise seven books containing the history of the Palladium, prayers, songs and other texts. Only the first and second volumes, Ager benedictionis (1670) and Zdoro-Slaviček (1671), have been preserved along with the title page of the third volume, Hrdlička (1673). In each book, pilgrims were guided by a symbolic bird - a lark, a (defiant) nightingale and a turtle-dove, and it was to be a dove, a swan, a swallow an a hen in subsequent works. This study focuses on the composition of the surviving books and the entire planned cycle, particularly on the literary creation of the “Marian Bohemia” space. The entire cycle is based on the central metaphor of a “blessed field“ (Agar benedictionis), on which birds sing. Each of these represents a particular kind of space and timeframe (e.g. a type of landscape or a season of the year), their task being basically to subordinate all human time and space to the Staré Boleslav Virgin Mary and to present Bohemia as a holy Marian land. By cleverly developing the basic metaphor and emphasizing the natural and numerical symbolism, Dlouhoveský espouses what is known as conceptual poetics, with which he creates the mythical space of “Marian Bohemia”, in which verticality plays an important role (linking heaven and earth, history and Czech holy relics). This is a dynamic space, primarily thanks to the emphasis on the time element: pilgrimages. Another important feature of “Marian Bohemia” is its centralization. It is not defined by borders, but just by a central point - Stará Boleslav.
EN
The culture associated with pilgrimage sites was undoubtedly one of the most significant phenomena of spiritual life in the Czech lands in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. On the basis of a thorough excerpt of official sources and hand-written or printed miraculous answers of the Virgin Mary of Chlum from 1651–1768, the study reflects pious pilgrimages to Chlum Svaté Máří (translated as St. Mary’s Wooded Hillock − TN) during the Baroque period. Pilgrimages were pious journeys to a particular destination, the purpose of which was to ask for a blessing or to give thanks for received grace. They were an indisputable mean of re-catholicisation, which was supposed to strengthen the faithful inwardly and gift them with spiritual graces for their penitent deeds, among which pilgrimages were rightly included. Large gatherings of the faithful increased the sense of belonging together, deepened the awareness of ecclesial community and imprinted an indelible experience on the souls of the participants for along time. The frequency of pilgrimages depended on the liturgical calendar, the weather, and the course of farm works in a particular year. Miraculous healings of the pilgrims were an important impetus to undertake the pious journey to the worshipped Madonna in Chlum Svaté Máří.
PL
Sanktuarium Matki Bożej Bolesnej w Skrzatuszu położone jest obecnie w diecezji koszalińsko-kołobrzeskiej. Jest jedynym miejscem, w którym czci się nieprzerwanie od ponad 400 lat cudowną Pietę. Początki Skrzatusza sięgają XV wieku. Wówczas powstała tam pierwsza świątynia. Drugi kościół pw. Wniebowzięcia NMP wybudowano w 1572 roku. Poświęcił go sufragan poznański 3 lata później. W wyniku reformacji wcześniejsza samodzielna parafia skrzatuska został włączona jako filia do Wałcza na początku XVII wieku, wyodrębniona ponownie jako samodzielna przez bpa Wojciecha Tolibowskiego w 1660 roku. Obecna świątynia – sanktuarium i bazylika mniejsza – wybudowana została dzięki staraniom Wojciecha Konstantego Brezy pod koniec XVII wieku. Manuskrypt ks. Delerdta jest nieocenionym źródłem dla dziejów początkowych kultu maryjnego w Skrzatuszu. Autor – wikariusz miejscowy w latach 1768–1793 – na podstawie dostępnych źródeł opisał sposób, w jaki cudowna figura dostała się z Mielęcina do Skrzatusza. Niezwykle cenne są informacje o cudach dokonanych za wstawiennictwem Piety Skrzatuskiej. Ks. Delerdt przedstawia ponad 60 takich wydarzeń, podając często personalia obdarowanego, jego pochodzenie, jak i rodzaj doznanej łaski. Ważne jest skonfrontowanie tego źródła z innymi zachowanymi, a niewykorzystanymi archiwaliami. Warte będzie także porównanie XVIII-wiecznego tekstu ze Skrzatusza z innymi podobnymi z tego okresu.
EN
The Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows in Skrzatusz is currently located in the diocese of Koszalin-Kolobrzeg (Kołobrzeg). It is the only place where the wonderful Pieta has been worshiped continuously for over 400 years. The beginnings of Skrzatusz date back to the 15th century. Then the first temple was established there. The second church Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built in 1572. It was consecrated by the Poznan (Poznań) suffragan three years later. As a result of the Reformation, the earlier independent Skrzatusz parish was incorporated as a branch into the town of Walcz (Wałcz) at the beginning of the 17th century, it was separated again as independent by Bishop Wojciech Tolibowski in 1660. The present temple – sanctuary and smaller basilica was built thanks to the efforts of Wojciech Konstanty Breza after the end of the 17th century. Manuscript of Fr. Delerdt is an invaluable source for the early history of the Marian cult in Skrzatusz. The author – local vicar in 1768–1793 described the way in which the miraculous figure got from Mielecin (Mielęcin) to Skrzatusz based on available sources. Information about miracles performed through the intercession of Pieta from Skrzatusz is extremely valuable. Ks. Delerdt presents over 60 such events often giving personal details of the recipient, his origin and the type of grace he suffered. It is important to confront this source with other preserved and unused archives. It will also be worth comparing the 18th-century text from Skrzatusz with other similar texts from that period.
EN
One of the tasks of the Basilian Order of the Lithuanian Province in the 17th and 18th centuries was activity at the places of Marian cult. Thanks to the Basilians' efforts, two venerated Marian images were crowned with papal crowns. The Basilians initiated the practice of celebrating jubilee years and benefited from the indulgence privileges granted by the Holy See. They created visual and musical settings at places which attracted large numbers of pilgrims. Marian places of worship created by the Basilians contributed to the strengthening of the Uniate Orthodox Church community and the integration of the diverse society in the north-eastern areas of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
PL
Jedną z form aktywności zakonu litewskiej prowincji bazylianów w XVII i XVIII wieku była praca w miejscach kultu maryjnego. Dzięki zabiegom bazylianów dwa otaczane kultem wizerunki maryjne zostały ukoronowane koronami papieskimi. Bazylianie zainicjowali praktykę obchodów lat jubileuszowych oraz korzystali z nadawanych przez Stolicę Apostolską przywilejów odpustowych. W miejscach gromadzących licznie przybywających pątników tworzyli oprawę wizualną i muzyczną. Miejsca kultu maryjnego kreowane przez bazylianów przyczyniały się do wzmacniania wspólnoty Cerkwi unickiej i integracji zróżnicowanego społeczeństwa na północno-wschodnich obszarach państwa polsko-litewskiego.
EN
In this paper I present Jacek Liberiusz’s sermons and his preaching about the last things (death, last judgment, heaven, hell and purgatory) and the cult of St. Mary. I juxtapose them with the Jean Delumeau’s thesis about the common fear caused by wars, plagues and church’s teaching. Tremendal elements can hardly be found in Liberiusz sermon’s. On the contrary – worldly atrocities or God’s wrath are being mitigated by the infinite mercy and goodness of Virgin Mary. She seems to be the central figure of the cult, even more important than Jesus himself which is characteristic for 17th century polish piety. Sermons by Liberiusz may be an example of more complex and diversed reactions to surrounding cruelty. These atrocities were not necessary replicated in religion, but also in the contact with God people looked for a consolation.
XX
Studie Jany Vozkové se zabývá podobou liturgického slavení svátku "Allatio capillorum" v klášteře benediktinek na Pražském hradě, zachycenou ve zdejších svatojiřských chorálních rukopisech. Součástí textu je edice responsoria Christi virgo.
EN
The periodical Maryawita was published in the years 1903-1907. The periodical changed its name to “Jutrzenka” in 1906. The change was prompted by the need to separate the periodical from “Mariavites” - a religious faction which was disapproved by Pope Pius X. The Reverend Father Wincenty Bogacki was the editor and publisher of the periodical. He built a nationwide team of authors. The 50th anniversary of the proclamation of the dogma of the immaculate conception of Blessed Virgin Mary was the ultimate reason for the publication of the periodical. In 1906 “Jutrzenka” was published with two supplements “Czytelnia Niedzielna” [Sunday Reading Room] and “Tygodnik Diecezjalny” [Diocesan Weekly]. In the early years the periodical took up the topics of the Marian cult and the worship of the Blessed Sacrament. After the transformation of the year 1905, the periodical modified its publication scope and added social, political and national issues to its content. Members of the clergy, gentry and intelligentsia were the original readers of the periodical’s articles. After the addition of the subject of social issues the number of secular readers increased including peasants and laborers. The subscribers of the periodical were mainly concentrated in the Polish territories annexed by Russia, Austria and Prussia. However, some subscribers came from the European and Asian parts of Russia as well as from the United States. The periodical con­tributed to the development of clerical publications. It also enabled the clergy to effectively reach the public with theological, national, social and political issues.
PL
W latach 1903-1907 wydawane było czasopismo „Maryawita”. W ciągu 1906 r. czasopismo zmieniło nazwę na „Jutrzenka”. Zmiana była podyktowana potrze­bą odróżnienia się od mariawitów – odłamu religijnego potępionego w tym czasie przez papieża Piusa X. Redaktorem i wydawcą czasopisma był ks. Win­centy Bogacki. Stworzył on ogólnopolski zespół autorów. Bezpośrednią przy­czyną wydawania czasopisma były obchody jubileuszu 50-lecia ogłoszenia dogmatu Niepokalanego Poczęcia NMP. W roku 1906 wydawano „Jutrzenkę” wraz z dwoma dodatkami – „Czytelnia Niedzielna” i „Tygodnik Diecezjalny”. Czasopismo podejmowało w początkowych latach tematykę kultu maryjnego oraz treści związane z kultem Najświętszego Sakramentu. Po przemianach związanych z rokiem 1905 czasopismo zmieniło tematykę, wprowadzając treści społeczne, polityczne i narodowe. Pierwotnie odbiorcami treści czasopisma byli duchowni, ziemianie i inteligencja. Po wprowadzeniu tematyki społecznej zwiększyła się liczba odbiorców świeckich, w tym chłopów i robotników. Pre­numeratorzy czasopisma skupieni byli w zaborze rosyjskim, austriackim i pru­skim, ponadto w europejskiej i azjatyckiej części Rosji oraz w Stanach Zjedno­czonych. Czasopismo przyczyniło się do rozwoju piśmiennictwa duchownych, którym dało możliwość szerszego dotarcia do społeczeństwa z treściami teologicznymi, narodowymi, społecznymi i politycznymi.
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