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EN
EU’s Energy security and trade depend, to a large extent, on sea-based transport relying on open sea lines of communication and Maritime Security. The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) region has supplied 13 per cent of oil and six per cent of total EU28 consumption. Between 2003 and January 2015, piracy in the GoG accounted for 31 per cent of attacks (616 of 1,965) in African waters. With that proportion on the rise and a growing threat related to Piracy, illegal over-fishing and crude oil theft; maritime (in)security in the region is attracting attention from regional and international governments and bodies. In this context, and considering politicization as a more extreme version or a step to securitization, this paper analyses how an issue is brought up to the level of security by a speech act, namely, explaining how issues are politicized and securitized within the maritime domain and what strategies are involved. A number of institutions are currently acting to secure the Gulf of Guinea with growing co-operation between the region and extra-regional actors. However, the lack of capabilities, weak governance within the region and the willingness to take action from extra-regional actors have undermined the securitization, and thus, the Gulf of Guinea has remained politicized.
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PL
Róg Afryki, Zatoka Adeńska i Somalia były do niedawna uważane za jeden z najniebezpieczniejszych rejonów pod względem żeglugi na świecie. Ten niechlubny tytuł z pewnością zawdzięczyć może postkolonialnej przeszłości Somalii, jej słabości politycznej, ekonomicznej oraz, co za tym idzie, daleko posuniętej destabilizacji oraz pewnemu przyzwoleniu licznych społeczności lokalnych (somalijskich klanów) na uprawianie piractwa. W końcu przez sam nielegalny, morski proceder, który urósł do ogromnych rozmiarów, nad wyraz świetnie zarządzanego, mającego liczne powiązania (chociażby z organizacjami terrorystycznymi) syndykatu przestępczego, którego słabe wewnętrznie, podzielone poprzez różne frakcje państwo nie było w stanie samodzielnie zlikwidować, otwierając mu tym samym drogę do łatwego wzrostu. Dopiero dzięki inicjatywom organizacji międzynarodowych możliwe było uporanie się w mniejszym, lub większym stopniu z aktami piractwa w tamtym regionie, których z roku na rok odnotuje się mniejszą liczbę.
EN
The Horn of Africa, the Gulf of Aden and Somalia were regarded as one of the most dangerous shipping areas in the world. This infamous title those areas owes to the post-colonial past of Somalia, its political and economic weakness and far-reaching destabilization, and consent of local communities (Somali clans) to engage in piracy. Finally, by the illegal, maritime practice, which has grown to a huge, well-managed criminal syndicate (which have numerous links – even with terrorist organizations), whose weak internal, divided by various factions state was unable to liquidate, thus opening the way for easy growth. Only by initiatives of international organizations was possible to deal with piracy acts in those regions (which each year will have a smaller number).
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