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Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2021
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vol. 40
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issue 2
59-93
EN
The article points towards the philosophy of Herbert Marcuse as significant source of inspiration for Mark Fisher’s cultural criticism. It compares selected ideas from both authors, taking the analogy between the relation of the performance principle and pacified existence (Marcuse) and capitalist realism and acid communism (Fisher) as its main framework. The text is built around the concepts of reality, realism and the Real, which are applied in order to analyse the problem of mental health and therapeutic culture in the capitalist system. Particular attention is given to the theory of depressive realism, as popularised by Fisher, according to which depressive perception is more realistic than “normal” perception. For Fisher, depressive realism is a dominant mode of understanding reality as such under capitalism. Sociopolitical transformation requires, above all, a change in the understanding of reality itself-Fisher’s concept of “acid communism” is such a proposition.
PL
Artykuł wskazuje na znaczącą rolę filozofii Herberta Marcusego jako inspiracji dla krytyki kulturalnej Marka Fishera. W sposób porównawczy przedstawia wybrane koncepcje obydwu autorów, jako ogólną ramę przyjmując analogie pomiędzy relacją zasady wydajności i egzystencji uspokojonej (Marcuse) oraz realizmu kapitalistycznego i komunizmu kwasowego (Fisher). Osią tekstu są pojęcia rzeczywistości, realizmu i Realnego, które zastosowane są do analizy problemu zdrowia psychicznego i kultury terapeutycznej w systemie kapitalistycznym. Szczególna uwaga poświęcona jest popularyzowanej przez Fishera teorii realizmu depresyjnego, wedle której depresyjna percepcja jest bardziej realistyczna od „normalnej”. Realizm depresyjny jest według Fishera dominującym niezmiennie w systemie kapitalistycznym sposobem patrzenia na rzeczywistość jako taką. Transformacja społeczno-polityczna wymaga więc przede wszystkim zmiany rozumienia samego pojęcia rzeczywistości – Fisherowska koncepcja „komunizmu kwasowego” jest właśnie taką propozycją.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
|
2021
|
vol. 40
|
issue 2
123-176
EN
Mark Fisher wrote „the task of repoliticizing mental illness is an urgent one if the left wants to challenge capitalist realism.” This paper attempts to develop this thought and show how the repoliticization of issues defined as mental illnesses that could have an emancipatory potential and undermine capitalist realism could look like and how it could be related to the contemporary phenomenon of „psychedelic renaissance”. This repoliticization could constitute the first step towards acid communism – a step that would enable a comprehensive formulation of the project, the imagining of both acid communism itself as well as the road towards it. Even though psychedelics could provide an impulse for the change of the dominant psychiatric paradigm and the reorganization of mental health services, the process of the interception of these substances by the alienating and commodificating orders of psychiatry and capitalism can already be observed, so that both of the intertwined and mutually supporting orders can in fact be strengthened. From this perspective the institution of psychiatry becomes a key element preserving the status quo, which makes the imagining of the end of capitalism impossible. Politicization of mental health, that could question capitalist realism, needs to be connected with the deconstruction of the ideology of psychiatry.
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