Search results

1

Die Sprache als soziales Phänomen: Kann die Stereotypensemantik das Problem der Wortbedeutung lösen?

100%

Czarnecka M.

Glottodidactica

|

2011

|

vol. 37

49-58

PL

Language is considered a social phenomenon because all human beings communicate with their respective speech communities using the language of their own. Putnam’s theory of meaning combines such ingredients as the individual language experience world and social practice, all of which are ignored or downplayed by traditional theorizing about meaning. This article outlines some important aspects of Putnam’s idea and tries to answer the question of whether the stereotype semantics can solve the problem of meaning.

2

Fenomén putování jako symbol duchovního rozměru osobnostního rozvoje v diskursu zážitkové pedagogiky

75%

Jirásek I.

Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)

|

2014

|

vol. 24

|

issue 1

5-21

EN

Text, written in philosophy of education discourse, looks for a possible interconnection between informal education within the wandering course of Lipnice Vacation school “Life is a gothic dog”, and the potential developpment of human being’s in its spiritual dimension. The first part deals with experiential education and expedition courses as an example of the selected discourse. The second part concentrates on spiritual dimension of human experiencing and its differentiation from religious topics. Third part concretizes spiritual experiences in framework of described course and offers a new model of spiritual (non-religious) wandering. The structure of experiential education projects offers a potential of non-religious spirituality. We put spirit, journey, transcendence, transformation and meaning among phenomena which open such dimension of experiencing. The paper confirms that experiential education is in its depth near to non-religious spirituality and then to accentuation of authentic modus of existence.

3

The Creative Process. A Case for Meaning-Making

63%

Setai P. T., Coetzee J. K., Maeder C., Wojciechowska M., Ackermann L.

Qualitative Sociology Review

|

2018

|

vol. 14

|

issue 4

86-99

EN

Since the beginning of time art-making has been a tool to express, preserve, and challenge the extant knowledge in society. Artists do this by finding or creatively constructing new understandings in society. An artist is able to do this through the medium he/she uses to relay the message of the artwork. The medium that an artist uses to express his/her artistic concept has an impact on the character that the artwork will take. The medium of expression forms but one of the many considerations that go through an artist’s mind when creating art. In the process of art-making, an artist seeks to create new meanings or re-imagine old ones by organizing materials and concepts. In so doing, he/she discovers novel ways to get ideas across, and thereby creates new interpretations of social phenomena. In this article, attention is given to meaning-making as a conscious and iterative component of creating art. From a series of in-depth interviews, the authors analyze the inward processes that occur within six artists’ creative praxes and how these lead their construction of meaning. Attention is also paid to how the artists manipulate concepts and how they construct and deconstruct their understandings of these concepts in the course of their creative endeavors.

4

Parrhêsia. La parole de la liberté. L’accréditation de la parole

63%

Przybylska N.

Annales Neophilologiarum

|

2011

|

issue 5

5-22

EN

The word parrhesia appears in Greek literature and in the patristic texts. It means “truth-teller” or “truth-telling” and directs the problematic in a domain of speech and thought; it is a typical figure of expression in speech and thinking. Parrhesia, a “freespeech”, characterizes expression of everything one has in mind. Since Antiquity, “truth-teller” and “truth-telling” correspond to “education of the soul”, which supposes spiritual guidance and ascetic techniques. This question of the truth and asceticism is shown in the latest work of Michel Foucault. A voice of the ascetic is not only a speech, but a whole attitude of speaker. The ascetic doesn’t flatter the public even when he risks sometimes his life, when sounds off. In the early Christian period, parrhesia determines one more rule ; the rule linked to a symbolic and theological problem of the “paradisiacal speech” and the ideal communication. In the area of parrhesia, Adam and Eve are found in the agreement with the Transcendence. Their relationship consists in a total unity. In the patristic texts, the original meaning of sin is interruption of harmony, a perturbation of unity, a sort of break with Transcendence; in this point of view, it indicates a dissociation of symbol and meaning, and a differentiation of mind and body. The individual way of perfecting, according to a French philosopher Simone Weil, comes from the transgression of the ambivalence towards a symbol, a sign and ideas. In the Weil’s philosophy, it’s possible to get a lost paradise and the harmony of being through the way of denudation and negation of herself, what she calls “decreation”, so the voluntary perdition of ego, is a mystical acceptation of Christ and an opening to real sense of existence.

PL

Słowo parrhesia występuje przede wszystkim w greckiej literaturze i w tekstach Ojców Kościoła. Określa „prawdziwego-mówcę” oraz „prawdziwe-mówienie”. Z dzisiejszego punktu widzenia, ukierunkowując problematykę w dziedzinie mowy i myśli, jest nie tylko retoryczną figurą wysławiania się, lecz także myślenia. Parrhesia, jako klasyczna licencja bądź mowa człowieka wolnego, charakteryzuje retorykę naturalnej ekspresji i zachowania. Już w starożytności „mówca prawdy” i „prawdziwa-mowa” wiążą się z „edukacją duszy”, która zakłada duchowe kierownictwo oraz techniki ascetyczne. Na zależność prawdy i ascezy wskazują ostatnie prace Michela Foucaulta. Głos ascety nie wyraża się tylko w mowie, ale jest świadomą postawą mówcy. Asceta nie schlebia publice i bywa, że ryzykuje życiem, zabierając głos. We wczesnych wiekach chrześcijaństwa parrhesia określa jeszcze inną zasadę: zasadę związaną z symboliczno-teologicznym problemem „mowy rajskiej”, tzn. komunikacji doskonałej. W przestrzeni parrhesia, z tego punktu widzenia, porusza się początkowo Adam i Ewa, a więc w pełnej zgodzie i porozumieniu z Transcendencją. Relacja ich polega na całkowitej jedności. Grzech będzie rodzajem rozbicia harmonii, zakłóceniem jedni, formą zerwania z Transcendencją; będzie oddzieleniem symbolu od znaczenia oraz dyferencjacją umysłu i ciała. Indywidualna droga doskonalenia dwudziestowiecznej francuskiej filozof Simone Weil będzie polegać na przekroczeniu ambiwalencji wobec symbolu, znaku i pojęć. Według niej, poprzez świadomą drogę ogołacania i negacji siebie, którą nazwie dekreacją, jest możliwe dotarcie do utraconego raju i harmonii bytu. Dekreacja, czyli dobrowolne zatracanie swojego „ego”, jest mistycznym przyjęciem Chrystusa oraz dotarciem do prawdziwego sensu bycia.

5

Holism and Atomism in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

63%

Bogucki K.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

|

2021

|

vol. 55

25-48

PL

W artykule omawiam trzy koncepcje tego, czym jest holizm w Traktacie logiczno-filozoficznym Ludwiga Wittgensteina. Trzy stanowiska, które wyróżniam są następujące: i) Holizm Minimalistyczny (E. Anscombe, M. Black, D. Pears); ii) Holizm Umiarkowany (J. Conant, C. Diamond, G. Ryle); iii) Holizm Radykalny (G. Bar-Elli, M. Kremer, P. Livingston). Wnioskiem z mojej pracy jest stwierdzenie, iż Holizm Umiarkowany stanowi najbardziej adekwatną koncepcję holistycznych elementów w dziele Wittgensteina. Sądzę tak, ponieważ pogląd ten pozwala nam dostrzec, że holizm i atomizm stanowią dwa komplementarne aspekty Traktatu, trafnie odrzuca anachronistyczną interpretację ontologii dzieła Wittgensteina oraz poprawnie charakteryzuje użycie jako pojęcie o charakterze logiczno-syntaktycznym. W zakończeniu artykułu wskazuję konsekwencje podejmowanego przeze mnie tematu na całościową interpretację zarówno wczesnych, jak i późnych prac Wittgensteina.

EN

The aim of my paper is to describe and evaluate different conceptions of holism in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. I distinguish three readings of holistic elements in this work: i) Minimal Holism (E. Anscombe, M. Black, D. Pears); ii) Moderate Holism (J. Conant, C. Diamond, G. Ryle); and iii) Radical Holism (G. Bar-Elli, M. Kremer, P. Livingston). The conclusion is that the most viable option is the Moderate Holism since it embraces the logico-syntactial notion of use, rejects anachronistic interpretation of Tractatarian ontology and allows us to see that the holistic elements are complementary to the initial atomism of the work. Moreover, I point to the consequences of the topic for the overall reading of Wittgenstein’s early and late work.

6

SIGNS and MEANINGS: Translation in the Middle Ages versus Translation today: The Semiotics of Translation

63%

Guillaume A.

Human and Social Studies

|

2014

|

vol. 3

|

issue 2

47-79

EN

Translation in the Middle Ages did not involve the same constraints as translation today for various reasons, which this article will attempt to highlight through a semiotic analysis of the opposing powers and other translation-related pressures which interact in the translation process. This process involves a source language and a target language, but above all a source culture and target culture. Translation in the Middle Ages, like translation today, is primarily about taking into consideration certain constraints, some of which are shared between the two eras but which, in all cases, take into account the period in which they were translated. Indeed, an era involves modes of thought, political and religious ideologies, translation and stylistic practices that are unique to that particular time. If, as example periods, we have chosen two eras which are quite remote from each other, it is to demonstrate that the issues certainly differ, but not as much as one might imagine, particularly in certain political and ideological contexts.

7

Nuda jako wola

51%

Karpiński M.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

|

2017

|

vol. 38

109-129

EN

The will, widely understood, is a lack of indifference – a turn to (a wanting-desire) or from (a negative wanting, hate) some thing: an attraction or a repulsion – both in the literal meaning (a physical force) and any metaphoric meaning. As the relation between a subject and an object, the will is a specific case of the existence, that is to say a relation of the structure: A exists for B, where A, in some way, acts for B. In the case of the will, the existence-influence depends on an attraction (A exists for B as wanted-desired) or a repulsion (A exists for B as wanted in negative way, hated). The categorical will is a wanting (desire or hate) focused on some thing due to it. The instrumental will is a wanting (desire or hate) focused on some thing as an instrument for the satisfaction of the other will; it (instrumental will) occurs always together with some categorical will, which is the cause of that instrumental will. The willpower is the sum of values of advantages (with the plus sign) and disadvantages (with the minus sign) of the object on which the will is focused. The satisfaction of the will leads to the vanishing of the relation between a subject and an object, and – consequently – to the vanishing of members of that relation (by their unification, in the case when a wanting-desire is satisfied, or isolation, in the case of the satisfaction of a negative wanting, hate). The free will is a type of an accidental will, being a creative act (decision) of a subject. The unfree will may be necessary, when it must exist, or accidental, when it can, but does not has to exist. The Meaning of a concrete subject is its axiological justification, essence (proper identity), vocation and fulfillment (final aim). The boredom is a necessary and a categorical wanting-desire of the Meaning. The factors of the boredom are the power of a wanting-desire of the Meaning and the interval of time, when a wantingdesire is unsatisfied. The overcoming of the boredom is a satisfied wanting-desire of the Meaning.

Refine search results

2 Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

1 Annales Neophilologiarum

1 Glottodidactica

1 Human and Social Studies

1 Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)

1 Qualitative Sociology Review

1 Ackermann L.

1 Bogucki K.

1 Coetzee J. K.

1 Czarnecka M.

1 Guillaume A.

1 Jirásek I.

1 Karpiński M.

1 Maeder C.

1 Przybylska N.

1 Setai P. T.

1 Wojciechowska M.

1 2021

1 2018

1 2017

2 2014