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Instrumenty finansowe realizacji celów Unii Europejskiej w regionie Śródziemnomorza (Afryki Północnej i Bliskiego Wschodu)

100%

Przybyszewska A.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

2014

issue 1(1)

117-132

The objective of the paper is to present assumptions and to attempt the assessment of financial instruments implementation providing the support for the Mediterranean Partnership from the European Union. The author’s intention was to offer a review of the available financial instruments since each of them may be characterized in more detail considering the broad spectrum of factors, determinants and interdependencies influencing the form, purpose and assessment of the discussed instruments. The first part of the paper illustrates the profile of the European Union constituting the part of a geopolitical group, as well as the situation of North Africa and Middle East countries. The European Union holds a very strong position in international relations which depends, among others, on its regional influence and involvement in international political, economic and social reality. This position is of crucial significance from the perspective of roles played by the European Union also with regard to neighbouring countries located in the Mediterranean region. The countries of North Africa and Middle East, despite frequently difficult historical relations and interdependencies with the European countries as well as their specific culture, in the current peace oriented reality became the beneficiaries of aid coming from the European Union and therefore took up the role of EU cooperating partners on many levels. The roles played by the European Union in the Mediterranean region are influenced by both internal and external factors. From among numerous functions took over by the European Union the most important ones are those of: an active actor in solving Arab-Israeli conflict, advocate of providing means for the establishment of peace among nations, supporting relations based on mutual trust and disarmament in the region, promoter of economic reforms and sustainable, regional development, propagator of democracy and human rights as well as intercultural dialogue. These roles aim at bringing peace, stability and wealth in the region and result in higher EU safety level and also the implementation of its interests. The concept of these roles is presented in bilateral agreements entered into and concluded by the European Union. Among the most important agreements the following should be listed: the Barcelona Declaration dated 28th November 1995 which initiated the Mediterranean Partnership and Joint Declaration of the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean Region dated 13th July 2008 initiating Union for the Mediterranean.

Importance of agriculture within the structure of employment and production in the Mediterranean countries

58%

Jakub P., Łukasz P.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

2016

issue 1(39)

165-174

The expansion of the European Union during the 1980s with the Mediterranean region countries was a major challenge both for the new Member States and for the Community as a whole. The new Member States, i.e. Greece, Spain and Portugal, were poorly developed in economic terms, with a high proportion of the agricultural sector in overall production and employment structure. Still, the concerns about the future turned out to be unfounded, and the impulse of the accession process and the necessity to compete on the common market brought certain advantages both to existing and to new Member States, thus enforcing certain changes in the structure of production and employment in the economies discussed in this paper. Today, the Mediterranean region states, irrespective of the success achieved in the past years, are again facing the need to resolve certain important economic problems related to the global fi nancial crisis. This paper discusses one of the aspects that strongly contributes to the present diffi cult socioeconomic situation of the contemplated region, i.e. evolution of the sectoral structure of employment and GDP during the European Union membership, with special consideration of the situation in agriculture.

Rozszerzenie w latach osiemdziesiątych Unii Europejskiej o państwa regionu Morza Śródziemnego stanowiło duże wyzwanie zarówno dla nowych członków, jak i całej wspólnoty. Nowe państwa członkowskie – tj. Grecja, Hiszpania i Portugalia – były bowiem słabo rozwinięte pod względem gospodarczym, o dużym udziale sektora rolnego w produkcji i zatrudnieniu. Obawy o przyszłość okazały się jednak nieuzasadnione, a impuls, jaki stanowił proces akcesji i konieczność konkurowania na wspólnym rynku, przyniósł korzyści zarówno dotychczasowym, jak i nowym państwom członkowskim, wymuszając przy tym zmiany w strukturze produkcji i zatrudnienia w omawianych w pracy gospodarkach. Dziś państwa regionu Morza Śródziemnego, niezależnie od sukcesów osiągniętych w minionych latach, ponownie stanęły jednak przed koniecznością rozwiązania ważnych problemów gospodarczych, związanych z globalnym kryzysem fi nansowym. W pracy omówiono jeden z aspektów, który jest dość istotny w obecnie trudnej sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej analizowanego regionu, tj. ewolucję sektorowej struktury zatrudnienia i PKB w okresie członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sytuacji w rolnictwie.

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1 Ekonomia XXI Wieku

1 Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

1 Jakub P.

1 Przybyszewska A.

1 Łukasz P.

1 2016

1 2014

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Instrumenty finansowe realizacji celów Unii Europejskiej w regionie Śródziemnomorza (Afryki Północnej i Bliskiego Wschodu)

Importance of agriculture within the structure of employment and production in the Mediterranean countries