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EN
In the 1620s Francisk Skoryna of Polotsk worked on the translation of the Bible, explaining to the common people the more difficult terms on the margins. The Homiliary of Zabludov (1569) was edited in Church Slavonic as it was assumed that, transmitted by the means of the language traditional for the liturgical and spiritual sphere of the Church, it would guarantee the prescriptivism of the content. Since in 1577 the Roman Catholic Church in Poland accepted the decisions of the Council of Trent and the Uniate tendencies in regard to the Orthodox Church, Peter Skarga – one of the principal Catholic theologians and polemists of the time – spoke on the question of the liturgical language of the Orthodox Church, naming it among other “mistakes” of the Greek faith. Monk Ivan Vishensky defended Church Slavonic (around 1609) seeing in it a part of the Church tradition as well as a means of transmitting God’s address to mankind, able to give it the eternal life or, if it deforms it in a verbal mistake, condemn it to extermination. Vishensky saw in Church Slavonic the only effective means of communicating the Church tradition to the contemporary and future people as well as the first liturgical language of the Orthodox Slavs in which Triune God spoke to them and still does. Despite many controversies concerning the use of the common speech, in 1616 Meletius Smotritsky edited in that language The Homiliary of Zabludov, feeling it necessary as most of the faithful did not understand Church Slavonic.
EN
After the Union of Lublin in 1569 the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania formed one state. The Russian remained the official language of the Grand Duchy and it was guaranteed that the inhabitants of the Duchy could remain orthodox. It was feared that the nobles would convert to the Roman Catholicism and at multiple occasions the deputies from Grand Duchy as well as Cossacks had to defend their rights for their own language and faith. In the polemical literature of the end of the XVI and the first half of the XVII century concerning the Union of Brest much concern was expressed for or against the use of the Church Slavonic – particularly by Peter Skarga and Ivan Vishensky. Peter Mohyla in the orthodox Academy of Kiev, founded by himself, particularly insisted on teaching, among other subjects, Latin and Polish as he thought that an educated orthodox Russian should feel a rightful citizen of the Polish state and participate in the religious and political life of the country.
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