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Ostatni harem w Maroku; feminizm Fatimy Mernissi

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Machut-Mendecka E.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

2018

issue 1-2 (265-266)

55-71

Arab feminism started in the 20th century and was reminiscent of similar movements in the West, but was never as dynamic nor successful as them. Arab women worked actively to promote equal rights for females at that time, and their leaders became the first feminists. They presented concepts that may be divided into groups according to the three main currents initiated by Egyptian activists. The first one aimed at reforms in favour of women and equality of the two sexes and was introduced by the Cairo aristocrat Huda Sharawi and women from the Egyptian upper class. Conservative activist Zaynab al-Ghazali established the second current along Islamic lines, encouraging women to demand their rights according to the Islam paradigm. The trend initiated by medical doctor and writer Nawal as-Sadawi can be referred to as progressive because it aimed to break the taboos of sexuality and carnality as forbidden subjects in public. Fatema Mernissi was a Moroccan writer and sociologist who combined Islam and feminism, grounding her arguments in Islamic teachings. The article discusses Mernissi’s life and work in terms of her efforts to seek the full equality of women and men in personal and public spheres. She benefited from her own experience, research and works on Islam as well as psychology. Mernissi described her childhood and youth in a traditional Moroccan harem, which underwent some decisive changes in the second half of the 20th century. It is noteworthy that two types of behaviour were observed in the harem: aggressive (characteristic of men) and assertive (connected with women). They are a basis for presenting the customs of the harem in the light of Mernissi’s writings. The author also deals with sexuality as an important subject for women yet rarely discussed in public. She made an interesting comparison between the concepts of sexuality developed by medieval famous Arab scholar Al-Ghazali (12th century) and the contemporary theory of Sigmund Freud. Mernissi emphasized that Muslim ideas were more favourable for the two sexes than Western ones.

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1 Przegląd Orientalistyczny

1 Machut-Mendecka E.

1 2018

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Ostatni harem w Maroku; feminizm Fatimy Mernissi