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Local Authorities' Funds as Sources of Revenues of the Metropolitan Association

100%
Ofiarska M.
Central European Review of Economics & Finance
|
2018
|
issue Vol. 27, No 5
37-52
EN
The objective of the study is to analyse and evaluate the legislation in force governing the sources of revenues of metropolitan associations. The statutory catalogue of the sources of revenues of metropolitan associations includes funds derived from local authorities that, to a limited extent, may be influenced by the bodies of metropolitan associations or the bodies of member municipalities. In the course of research, with the application of the dogmatic-legal method supplemented with an empirical-analytic method, the following hypothesis has been verified: a potential lack of relevance of funds, in static terms, with respect to the scope of public tasks of metropolitan associations as provided for by the Act may be adjusted jointly by their bodies and their members. The principles of the amounts and collection of subscriptions from the municipalities in the Górnośląsko (Upper-Silesian)-Zaglębiowska Metropolis, the proportion of personal- income tax receipts from natural persons residing within said municipalities, and the procedure under which subsidies are made from municipality budgets to metropolitan association budgets have been presented. It has been determined that the main source of revenues is the proceeds of personal-income tax. Subscriptions have been found to be of supplementary importance, whereas subsidies from municipality budgets have not been recorded. (original abstract)
2
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Lokalne rynki pracy w górnośląskim obszarze metropolitalnym na przykładzie małych miast

75%
Sitek S., Zuzańska-Żyśko E.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 144
189-202
EN
The article takes up an issue of the potential of the local job markets in small towns within the metropolitan areas. The basis of the assessment of the job markets is the amount of the employed as well as directions the people commute from. The research showed the weakness of these towns' influence as job markets what results from the difference in the human and economic potential between the studied centres and the leading cities being the core of GOM. It reflects on a small economic potential translating into a weak economic base and city-creating functions.
3
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Badania operacyjne ograniczeń aktywności organizacji pozarządowych w kształtowaniu metropolitalnego rynku transportowego Trójmiasto

63%
Suchanek M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 165
120-128
EN
Polycentric metropolitan area Trojmiasto in the north of Poland, by the Gdansk Bay is one of the most important urban centres for the Polish economy. The level of development of the collective public transport system is one of crucial factors for the functioning of such a vast urban area. Public services, in the form of local government departments or budget units are responsible for the organisation of transport services within the metropolis. They are coordinated by the metropolitan public transport union, MZKZG. Either municipal or private carriers are responsible for the realisation of transport services. The metropolitan transport market is dominated by public services or private businesses, while the "third sector" subjects have a relatively small participation in the market shaping process, mostly due to their lack of competiveness, connected with the non-profit activity formula. The objective function of those subjects is based on the desire to fulfil the needs of a limited social group, which are not satisfied through the default market mechanism. Hence, the NGOs organise special transport services, which do not fit within the objectives of traditional public services. Therefore, the objective function of the NGOs and the objective function of the subjects which create transport policy are convergent, however the scale of work of NGOs is far smaller, because of the fact that various constraints exists, not all of which are, however, active. The methodology of operational research allows to analyse the problem of the NGO activity in the process of shaping the Trojmiasto metropolitan transport market which is formulated in this way. Operational research on the constraints of NGO activity lead to a conclusion that the furthest constraint is the lack of periodic financing sources. The third sector organisations also point out heavy competition between them and barriers against access to the transport services feasibility studies. Therefore, the adaptation of the role of a transport policy stakeholder seems a necessary predictive value for the non-government organisations.
4
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Kolej aglomeracyjna jako podstawa systemu komunikacyjnego obszarów metropolitalnych w Polsce

63%
Koźlak A.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 143
172-185
EN
The dynamic development of metropolitan areas in Poland poses increasing challenges for organization of transport systems. A spatial expansion of metropolis and a separation of places of residence from work and services increase the mobility of society. An excessive development of motorization and low competitiveness of public transport cause chronic congestion in the road network of metropolitan areas. In such a situation, the best solution can be railways integrated with an urban public transport and Park & Ride infrastructure near train stations in the suburbs.
5
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Analiza potencjału gospodarczego małych miast położonych w strefie funkcjonalnego wpływu ośrodków metropolitalnych w Polsce

63%
Kudłacz M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2013
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vol. 144
81-93
EN
In this article the author analyzes the relationship between the distance from the center of the metropolitan cities and their economic potential. On the one hand the regional spatial distribution was analyzed, on the other hand the attempt to define "channels carrying" capacity of cities to cities in the functional area surrounding metropolitan centers, as well as "internal channels of growth" was made. Moreover, the author tries to answer the question, based on the results of the analysis, whether the small town grows faster thanks to its location in the area of functional impact of metropolitan centers in Poland. On the one hand, it can be assumed that the environment uses the functions and processes of the development of metropolitan center. Environment becomes richer by the presence of a strong metropolitan center in the region. This is due to the fact that cities cooperate with each other without the metropolis area, the environment is under the direct influence of metropolitan centers. Environment benefits from the presence of the metropolis and remains in its natural zone of influence. Range, direction and type of influence is different for each of the cities, but the true is that such a practice may be an interaction. Certainly the immediate environment of metropolis, also known as the metropolitan area has the strongest connection with the metropolitan center. There is also a second force "draining" the potential of the environment to metropolitan center. Both of these forces are present in the geographic space of small towns which are under the influence of the metropolis, so an answer which of these forces is dominant have to be find. Certainly the distribution of these forces is important for small towns in the regional environment of the metropolis. Author of this article will attempt to review if the economic potential of small towns is the influence of the internal forces, or is the result of a specific geographic location.
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