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Ecumenical Patriarch Niphon’s fake letter to Kiev Metropolitan Joseph

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Michalaga D.

Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej

2011

vol. Kościół prawosławny na Bałkanach i w Polsce – wzajemne relacje oraz wspólna tradycja

issue 2

53-58

Up to very recently it was a generally accepted fact, that in the 15th century, the Ecumenical Patriarch Niphon B’, in a letter replying to a query by the Metropolitan of Kiev Joseph, urged his correspondent to accept the Union of the Churches. The text of the letter in question, first appeared in a book published by the Smolensk archbishop Leo Kreuza in Polish in 1617 in Vilna. This letter, published in Polish, could have easily remained unknown to the public in general had it not been rendered in Latin ten years later and published in the “Annalii Ecclesiasticorum” of the Vatican. Apart from a number of other clues, sound proof of the letter’s fakeness is provided by its dating, (Anno septem millesimo mensis aprilis V. undecima currente indictione), that is 5 April 1493. It should be noted that by this date, neither Niphon was a Patriarch yet, nor was Joseph elected to the Metropoly of Kiev. Let us therefore add this letter to the numbers of forged documents fabricated to prove predefined events and conclusions. For the instigators of the documents in question where only seeking to legalise historically and provide the benefit of dating to their project: the subjecting the District’s Orthodox populace to the Latin Church.

Обращение Литовской митрополии к константинопольскому патриарху Иоакиму I по вопросу о двух агнцах при поставлении пресвитера

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Темчин С.

Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej

2011

vol. Kościół prawosławny na Bałkanach i w Polsce – wzajemne relacje oraz wspólna tradycja

issue 2

135-140

The copy of the Great Euchologion dating from the last quarter of the XVI contains information that , after he became the metropolitan of Kiev in 1509, Joseph II Soltan together with his bishops gave up the practice of preparation of a second lamb for the communion of a newly ordained priest – the practice that was widespread at that time in the Kievan (Lithuanian) metropoly. As the church rules did not mention such a habit, a letter was addressed to Joachim I, the patriarch of Constantinople, asking for an explanation of the matter. In his answer the patriarch explained that one does not prepare two lambs while offering the Divine mysteries, but one as one was Jesus Christ crucified for our salvation. A special part of the lamb though is kept till the suitable moment when it is put on the paten and the newly ordained priest partakes the Holy Gifts with the other priests. Moreover the manuscript contains the text of the three liturgies – that of St John Chrysostom, St Basil the Great, and the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts – the indications how to choose worthy priests and how to ordain priests and deacons, the rite of coronation of a king as well as other texts.

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2 Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej

1 Michalaga D.

1 Темчин С.

2 2011

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Ecumenical Patriarch Niphon’s fake letter to Kiev Metropolitan Joseph

Обращение Литовской митрополии к константинопольскому патриарху Иоакиму I по вопросу о двух агнцах при поставлении пресвитера