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Přehlížení konvencí

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Gvoždiak V., Fikejzová M.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2023
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vol. 71
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issue 4
637-648
EN
This critical review engages with Michael Devitt’s exposition on language theory and communication as presented in his book Overlooking Conventions. The review is comprised of two main sections. In the first, Devitt’s theory is elucidated, encompassing both its negative delineations in relation to linguistic pragmatism/contextualism and its affirmative attributes concerning the pre-eminence of speaker meaning and convention. The second section delves deeper into Devitt’s conception of polysemy, scrutinizing three contentious facets of his approach: (i) the reductive characterization of polysemy and its consequential omission of emerging/new linguistic usages; (ii) the parameter of regularity and its function in distinguishing novel usages from established or conventional ones; and (iii) the principled identification of polysemy and homonymy, coupled with the dismissal of psycholinguistic evidence supporting their differentiation.
CS
Tato recenzní studie kriticky reflektuje přístup k jazykové teorii a komunikaci, který představil Michael Devitt ve své knize Overlooking Conventions. V první části se autoři studie věnují definicím hlavních aspektů této teorie, a to jak jejím negativním vymezením vůči jazykovému pragmatismu / kontextualismu, tak jejím pozitivním charakteristikám v termínech (primátu) významu mluvčího a konvence. V druhé části příspěvku se autoři detailně zabývají Devittovým pojetím polysémie a třemi problematickými body jeho přístupu: (i) reduktivním pojetím polysémie a vyloučením nových užití, (ii) parametrem pravidelnosti a jeho úlohou při rozlišování nových a standardních/konvenčních užití a (iii) principiálním ztotožněním polysémie a homonymie a odmítnutím psycholingvistické evidence při jejich rozlišování.
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Konštruktivizmus, realizmus a obrat k jazyku

71%
Mikušiak M.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 3
471-488
EN
This paper focuses primarily on the realism-constructivism debate. Firstly, I clarify Goodman’s three main arguments for constructivism, and then I deal with the critical response to this doctrine by proponents of Devittian common-sense realism and scientific realism. In the next section, I discuss the main problems of Devittian realism as they are seen by critics. Finally, in line with Wittgenstein’s recommendation, I make “a linguistic turn” – by means of language analysis I try to shed new light on some of the old problems of the debate. It turns out that these old problems may disappear when we track the use of crucial terms within the relevant philosophical argumentation and when we are able to recognize conceptual statements. As a result, I claim that the philosophers interested in ontological issues should focus on particular problems of contemporary science (e.g., the interpretation of the double-slit experiment) rather than on the problem of the existence of things in general.
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