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Ukrainian Migration Crisis Caused by the War

100%
Gerlach I., Ryndzak O.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
|
2022
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vol. 26
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issue 2
17-29
EN
The open Russian military invasion of Ukraine supported by Belarus launched in February 2022 has changed the usual state of affairs and caused the economic, humanitarian, and migration crises. Several millions of Ukrainian people had to move to safer regions of the country, and a significant share of them (mostly women, children, and elderly people) have left abroad in search of safer living conditions, which has become the worst migration crisis since the World War II. Many Ukrainian citizens have been forced to move to Russia. Poland hosts the largest number of Ukrainian citizens among the EU countries (about 60% of all refugees), much less left for Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and Germany. Almost every European country helps Ukraine in some way or another, hosting its residents and providing asylum. The aim of this article is to investigate the tendencies and changes of forced migration in Ukraine in the conditions of war. The collective protection of displaced persons allows immediate assistance to many people in conditions of emergencies and reduces pressure on the system of asylum provision authorities. This decision provides the right to Ukrainians to live, work, and receive assistance in the EU countries avoiding the lingering process of asylum application submission and long waiting for the respective decision. The article highlights the comparison of standards for providing temporary protection of displaced persons in the EU countries that have accepted most of them. Certainly, the situation with the mass movement of people or leaving abroad will have negative consequences for Ukraine. The return of forcibly displaced from Ukraine will depend on what way of legal stay abroadthey choose (status of “forced” tourist, refugee, or temporary protection). Moreover, the duration of hostilities and effi ciency and complexity of actions taken by state and local authorities to implement economic and social reforms will have much effect. The article offers various development scenarios for Ukraine and ways and incentives for returning Ukrainian citizens to their Motherland.
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Wpływ kryzysu migracyjnego Unii Europejskiej na stosunki grecko-tureckie

100%
Adamczyk A., Ilik G.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2017
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issue 3
33-57
EN
In 2015 the European Union was faced with a huge problem – the migration crisis, which saw more than a million migrants crossing the EU borders. Almost 900,000 came to the EU from Turkey. Migrants travelled from the Turkish Anatolian coast to the nearby Greek islands in the Aegean Sea. The Aegean has for decades seen territorial disputes between Greece and Turkey concerning delimitation of the boundaries of the continental shelf, territorial waters, airspace. Turkey also claims the right to the Greek islands at its shores. Mass migration of Muslims to Greek islands contribute to escalations of tensions between Athens and Ankara. Greece is getting increasingly concerned about the possibility of Turkey using the "demographic weapon".
3
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The EU–Turkey Agreement – What Had It Changed?

100%
Kabata M.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2018
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vol. 1
179-196
EN
The migration flow to EU in 2015 or the so called “migration crisis” forced the EU to take rapid steps. One of them was a closer cooperation with Turkey which was the main transit country to Greece. The aim of this article is to examine the outcomes of the EU–Turkey Agreement in the context of accessions talks and effectiveness in decreasing the number of migrants arriving to Greece. One of the costs of this cooperation was supposed to be the speeding-up of both the negotiations and the visa liberalisation. However, after over a year since the Statement entered into force, this condition has not been fulfilled because of the violation of human rights in Turkey. It is reason to say that the Agreement didn’t have impact on the accession talks, but it gave Turkey a strong argument for blackmailing. The aim of the Agreement was also to decrease the number of migrants arriving to Greek islands and the fact is that it remains much lower compering to 2015, what can be considered as the effect of the Agreement even if the decreasing tendency started before announcement of the EU–Turkey Statement. But there are more factors which has to be analysed as e.g. closing the border with Syria by Turkey.
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Reaktionen der Kirchen auf Populismus. Ein Blick aus der Perspektive der Kirche in Polen

67%
Gocko J.
Roczniki Teologiczne
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2017
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vol. 64
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issue 3: Teologia moralna
63-77
EN
This article discusses the response of the Church in Poland to the phenomenon of populism, especially to the populist style of politics. The classification of the political opponents as the enemies treated as such and the aversion to strangers (migrants and refugees) are two characteristics of this style. The author analyses the letter of Polish bishops on the patriotism „The Christian form of patriotism” and the reaction of the Church in Poland to the contemporary migration crisis in Europe. The first part of the article shows the phenomenon of populism as a form of political discourse close to the demagogy. This article should be considered as an introduction to the very complex matter which requires further systematic consideration.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest odpowiedź Kościoła w Polsce na zjawisko populizmu, a w szczególności na populistyczny styl w polityce. Za jego punkty charakterystyczne przyjęto traktowanie oponentów politycznych w kategoriach wrogów oraz niechęć do obcych (migrantów i uciekinierów). W realizacji celów badawczych poddano analizie list biskupów polskich o patriotyzmie Chrześcijański kształt patriotyzmu oraz reakcję Kościoła w Polsce na współczesny kryzys migracyjny w Europie. W pierwszej części artykułu ukazano zjawisko populizmu, traktując go jako formę politycznego dyskursu bliską demagogii. Niniejsze opracowanie należy traktować jako wprowadzenie do bardzo złożonej problematyki, która domaga się dalszej systematycznej refleksji.
DE
Das Thema des Artikels betrifft die Reaktionen der Kirche in Polen auf das Phänomen des Populismus und insbesondere auf den populistischen Politikstil, der durch zwei Merkmale charakterisiert wurde: Klassifizierung und des politischen Gegners als „Feind” oder gar „Verräter” und Ablehnung von Fremden (Migranten und Flüchtlinge). Bei der Umsetzung der Ziele der Forschung wurde den Brief der polnischen Bischofskonferenz mit dem Titel „Die christliche Gestalt des Patriotismus” und die Antwort der Kirche in Polen auf die aktuelle Migrationskrise in Europa analysiert. Der erste Teil des Artikels zeigt das Phänomen des Populismus und behandelt es als eine Form des politischen Diskurses ähnlich Demagogie. Dieser Beitrag ist als Einführung in eine sehr komplexe Problematik zu betrachten, die weiterer systematischer Reflexion bedarf.
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