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EN
The article concerns Internet resources related to research into Russia’s foreign policy during the reign of Nicholas II. The problem is examined on the basis of websites of two Russian libraries – the National Library of Russia and the State Public Historical Library. The website of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Google Books service were also taken into consideration. This provided the grounds for discussing the available source materials and literature related to the Russian foreign policy in the years 1894–1917
PL
Artykuł porusza kwestię zasobów internetowych związanych z badaniami nad polityką zagraniczną Rosji za panowania Mikołaja II. Problem rozpatrywany jest w oparciu o strony internetowe dwóch bibliotek rosyjskich – Rosyjskiej Biblioteki Narodowej i Państwowej Publicznej Biblioteki Historycznej. Uwzględniono także stronę rosyjskiego Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych i stronę Książki Google. Omówiono dostępne materiały źródłowe i literaturę związane z polityką zagraniczną Rosji w latach 1894–1917
EN
The main purpose of this article is to indicate the references to Byzantine art that appear in the discourse of the Committee for Care on Russian Icon Painting (in Russian: Комитет попечительства о русской иконописи, 1901-1918) and to point to their ideological functions. The author tries to show whether and how Byzantine patterns were used in the publications of this institution (above all, in the Nikodim Kondakov icon podlinnik). She proves that the use of references to the art of Byzantium was an element of the program of religious revival postulated by Nicholas II, and perfectly matched the theocentric utopia created by the tsar.
PL
Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest pokazanie odniesień do sztuki bizantyjskiej, które pojawiają się w dyskursie Komitetu Troski o Rosyjskie Malarstwo Ikonowe (ros. Комитет попечительства о русской иконописи, 1901-1918), a także wskazanie ich funkcji ideologicznych. Autor stara się pokazać, czy i w jaki sposób wzorce bizantyjskie były wykorzystywane w publikacjach tej instytucji (przede wszystkim w podlinniku ikonopisarskim Nikodima Kondakowa). Udowadnia, że zastosowanie nawiązań do sztuki bizantyjskiej było elementem postulowanego przez Mikołaja II programu odrodzenia religijnego, a także doskonale wpisywało się w teocentryczną utopię, stworzoną przez tego cara.
PL
Siergiej Juliewicz Witte (1849–1915) was the prominent Russian statesman. He was the first Prime Minister in the history of that country. During the reign of Alexander III and at the beginning of rule of Nicolaus II, he was the follower of samodierżawije, but gradually started supporting constitutional system. This ideological change was a result of Russian – Japanese war and of 1905 revolution. He was an author of October manifesto. Local government criticized the institution of samodzierżawije, but he incorporated it in a constitutional system. He declared for individual estate and for liquidation of landed estate/community. He created the conditions for the industrialization process in Russia. Siergiej Witte criticized Russian participation in the 1st World War.
PL
Siergiej Juliewicz Witte (1849–1915) was the prominent Russian statesman. He was the first Prime Minister in the history of that country. During the reign of Alexander III and at the beginning of rule of Nicolaus II, he was the follower of samodierżawije, but gradually started supporting constitutional system. This ideological change was a result of Russian – Japanese war and of 1905 revolution. He was an author of October manifesto. Local government criticized the institution of samodzierżawije, but he incorporated it in a constitutional system. He declared for individual estate and for liquidation of landed estate/community. He created the conditions for the industrialization process in Russia. Siergiej Witte criticized Russian participation in the 1st World War.
EN
The article is the review of the book by Paweł Siemionowicz Riejfman, historian of press and literature, Cenzura w doriewolucyonnoj, sowietskoj i postsowietskoj Rossii. T. 1. Cenzura w doriewolucyonnoj Rossii (Censorship in pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet Russia, vol. 1. Censorship in pre-revolutionary Russia), published in Moscow in 2017. This is the third number of this first volume. There will be two volumes in total, consisting of lectures given by Riejfman in the years 2001-2003 at the university in Tartu. This number refers to the period from the Alexander II accession to the throne up to the end of the Nicholas II ruling. The author focuses on the authorities’ control of the press at that time. This is a compilation work, as Riejfman did not any own studies on censorship.
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