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The protection of the cordon section on the border between Central Lithuania and the so-called Kaunas Lithuania between 1921-1923

100%
ROGUSKI R.
Historia i Świat
|
2018
|
issue 7
247-258
EN
The above-mentioned document examines the period when the borders between Poland and its neighbours were not definitely fixed. It discusses mistakes made by the services onthe Polish-Lithuanian border. It describes the way military groups were used on the border: Uhlans, a type of lancer cavalry, were forced to patrol the border as military policemen or border guards, which dissatisfied them as cavalrymen. The same service was performed by front-line units. For cavalry an additional barrier was its esprit de corps and ancient traditions. Serving on the border together with infantry, or even rear-guard troops was a discredit to them. At that time, the only formation properly prepared for the cordon service were staging battalions, consisting of soldiers of rear-guard formations, often more mature, who had been unfit for the front-line service during the Polish-Russian war. In the first years of independence the soldiers performed their service in difficult conditions, often livingin squalor. The document discusses geographical conditions and their influence on securing the border, i.e. they facilitated contraband smuggling. The straits between the lakes werepatrolled by guards, but in winter smugglers could cross the frozen lakes. To protect the cordon area a system of patrols was created, which could be avoided easily, however, as the guardswere responsible only for the places they were patrolling, not the whole cordon area. Then, the document outlines the unstable situation on the shifting borders of the Republic of Poland after regaining independence, and their ineffective protection. On the 100-year anniversary of Polish independence, it should be recalled that it was only in 1923 when Polish borders took on their final form.
2
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New Findings of Bayonet-Pointed Kords Within Ukraine

100%
PROKOPENKO V., SYCHEVS’KYJ S.
Historia i Świat
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2018
|
issue 7
275-279
EN
This article continues the authors’ preliminary research in the history of weapons within the territory of modern Ukraine and is dedicated to the introduction of three kords with a bayonet-shaped blade into the scientific circulation. Combined in this publication on the basis of a specific structure of the blade, they are quite peculiar and extraordinary specimens of combat knives dating from the period between the 15th and the early 16th centuries.
3
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Officers – Protestants in the Polish Crown army in the second half of the 17th century

100%
NAGIELSKI M.
Historia i Świat
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2018
|
issue 7
199-208
EN
Research on the confession of officers serving in the Polish army in the 17th century is very limited. The different confession than a Roman Catholic, serving in the army as officers as soldiers did not facilitate their promotion in the army.
4
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Раннесредневековая латная рукавица из Сочинского района Краснодарского края (предварительное сообщение)

88%
BARYSHEV A., RADJUSH O.
Historia i Świat
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2018
|
issue 7
129-139
EN
This article assumes the introduction into scientific circulation of one of the rare items of the early medieval defensive weapons - a armoured glove. Details of the mitten and fibula are found in the Sochi district of the Krasnodar Region near the village of Lesnoye. Published items come from the amateur illegal excavations of the early 2000s, but are currently in the funds of the State Historical Museum in Moscow. In the note are drawings and photographs of things, as well as data of spectral analysis of the metal. Judging by the dating of the buckle from the destroyed complex, the findings should be attributed to the second half of the 6th century CE.
5
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Paper Armor, the Forgotten Defense

88%
RANDALL K. C.
Historia i Świat
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2018
|
issue 7
157-173
EN
This paper investigates the history and construction of paper armor, tracing its roots from Tang dynasty China, across Asia and India and into Western Europe. Source material is examined in detail to provide clues as to paper's first use in armor, how its construction style evolved, its migration, and effectiveness against period weapons from its point of origin through nineteenth century. While paper armor was by no means invulnerable, provided an inexpensive defense against swords, arrows, spears and even muskets for over a thousandyears.
6
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Brothers Berens. A contribution to the history of Polish Lutheranism in the 17th century

88%
WAGNER M.
Historia i Świat
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2018
|
issue 7
195-198
EN
The Lutheran family of Berens (Behrens) came from Denmark, probably had peasant or bourgeois roots, while in the 16th century its members lived in the area of Ducal Prussia. In the mid-17th century, four brothers were identified – Jan, Jakub, Jerzy, also Paweł, who served in the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and who, thanks to their own abilities and royal protection, reached high military levels.
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