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The study reports on relations between the field of so-called ritual studies and the educational sphere. The author points out the relations between rituals and the process of human shaping and learning, the state of ritual-discussion in pedagogical sphere, the criteria for analysis and identification of rituals in educational contexts, the possibilities of differentiation of various forms of ritual activities in educational contexts.
EN
The question of the telos of art, understood as a term or as a purpose, occupies a key position in the theoretical writings of the humanists. During the Renaissance, the death of art had a heuristic value: it gave meaning to the notion of the “rebirth of the arts”; it legitimized the work of art historians, such as Vasari’s Lives, which were written to compensate for the death of works of art and artists, and it stimulated the legitimization undertakings that accompanied the artistic and poetic revival. The theorists of poetic art thus set out to demonstrate the usefulness of poetry but also to determine its specificity and its own purpose. The Naples school contributed to the popularization of the concept of admiratio, while the dissemination of Aristotle’s Poetics favored the spread of the concepts of mimesis and catharsis. Mimesis is therefore often considered as an “internal purpose” and subordinated to an “ultimate purpose” which consists in teaching by giving pleasure. Catharsis allows the development of a therapy for the passions and the legitimization of literary genres contested by Plato or Boethius. However, it is condemned by some who prefer a pedagogy of example that intends to clearly formulate moral rules. Indeed, while the aesthetic purpose of poetry is taken into account, the ethical purpose takes precedence.
DE
Der Essay konzentriert sich auf einigen Aspekten der ästhetischen Theorie von Theodor W. Adorno als einer eigenartigen Neuinterpretation von Kantischen und romantischen Ideen des Naturschönen. Die Achse der durchgeführten Reflexion ist das Motiv des Gesanges einer Nachtigall als ein Paradigma der Spontaneität des Naturschönen, das von Kant in Kritik der Urteilskraft eingeführt wurde sowie seine Neuinterpretation in dem bekannten Märchen von Hans Christian Andersen, beide in demselben Kapitel der Schrift von Adorno aufgerufen. Der Begriff der Mimesis bei Adorno wird als Impuls für etwas außerhalb des Subjekts rekonstruiert. Dieser Impuls, der in sich die Spontaneität mit dem Unwillkürlichen, die Reaktivität mit schöpferischem und kreativem Charakter verbindet, hinterfragt letztendlich eine rationale Konstruktion des Subjekts, die durch Abgrenzung des Anderen erfolgt. Die Rekonstruktion lässt erkennen, wie – und in welchem Maß – die frühromantische Vision des Künstlers, der an der Spontanität der Natur teilnimmt, im ästhetischen Konzept Adornos beibehalten werden konnte, indem sie gezwungenermaßen mit der sie verneinenden Artefaktivität gleichzeitig bestand – dem Zug des Scheins, der jedem Kunstwerk immanent ist.
EN
The essay focuses on some aspects of Theodor W. Adorno’s Aestethic Theory viewed as a specific kind of reinterpretation of – as well as discussion with – the Kantian and romantic ideas of natural beauty. The article’s axis is the motif of the nightingale’s singing as a paradigm of natural beauty used by Kant’s in his Critic of the Power of Judgement and its reinterpretation in Hans Christian Andersen’s well-known fairy-tale, both addressed in the same paragraph of Adorno’s study. The reconstruction of Adorno’s concept of mimesis as an impulse towards the non-subjective, combining spontaneity with involuntariness, reactivity with creative and shaping character, and ultimately questioning the rational construction of the subject by dividing it from what is different, allows to show how and to what extent the early romantic vision of an artist participating in the spontaneity of nature could be preserved in Adorn’s aesthetic thought – the same time, however, denied by the indelible artifacticity – semblance character – of the work of art.
PL
Esej koncentruje się na niektórych aspektach teorii estetycznej Theodora W. Adorno jako szczególnego rodzaju reinterpretacji kantowskich i romantycznych idei piękna naturalnego. Osią przeprowadzonej refleksji jest motyw śpiewu słowika jako paradygmatu piękna natury, wprowadzony przez Kanta w Krytyce władzy sądzenia, i jego reinterpretacja w znanej baśni Hansa Christiana Andersena – oba przywołane w tym samym akapicie pracy Adorna. Napięcie między tymi przeciwstawnymi ujęciami rozpoznane zostaje jako utrzymujące się głęboko w myśli estetycznej frankfurckiego filozofa, szczególnie w kontekście jego kluczowych koncepcji pozoru estetycznego i mimesis.
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