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EN
The political changes in the People’s Republic of Poland after 1956 meant the symbolic end of so called Stalinism. The methods of communists used in a struggle against some independent circles and pre–war political activists changed. The Security Service introduced some new forms of surveillance of nationalist circles which were inspired by the biggest political camp of the Second Polish Republic – National Democracy. The main priority of those actions was to organise as big spy network as possible. The Security Service was also monitoring the activities of some legal nationalists groups. In 1961, court of law in Warsaw sentenced several young nationalist activists who had started a secret organization called National-Democratic League. Some of them were sentenced to 2 years in prison.
EN
The article presents basic issues that arose in the Duchy of Warsaw after the implementation of departmental division of tasks between different offices of central administration, including ministries and structures subject to them. The author investigates the origins of departmental division introduced in the Duchy of Warsaw by Napoleon, its primary shape, later modifications and the degree of its endurance after it fell. A great emphasis has been placed on the issue of general importance and position of the Ministry of the Interior functioning as a kind of a meta-ministry. In addition to the analysis of normative solutions the paper also looks at the actual determinants of the departmental division and at how it was influenced by Polish tradition. In this context the author investigates how normative solutions have been put into practice.
PL
Podpisanie przez Polskę i Niemcy deklaracji o nieagresji 26 stycznia 1934 r. rozpoczęło nowy rozdział we wzajemnych relacjach, nie oznaczało jednak sojuszu politycznego, ponieważ Warszawa odmawiała udziału w pakcie antykominternowskim. Utrzymywaną w tajemnicy współpracę nawiązały jednak w 1935 r. polskie i niemieckie władze bezpieczeństwa, a jej celem była wymiana informacji o działalności ruchu komunistycznego.
EN
The non-aggression declaration signed by Poland and Germany on 26 January 1934 opened a new chapter in mutual relations. It did not, however, mean a political alliance since Warsaw refused the participation in the Anti-Comintern Pact. Nevertheless, in 1935 the Polish and German security forces entered into secret cooperation to exchange information on the activities of the communist movement.
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