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EN
This article presents the results of the question and answer questionnaire form filled by the students of Center of Missionary Formation (Centrum Formacji Misyjnej) in Warsaw of the year 2009/10. They were asked among others to answer when they decided to go for missions, who suggested this or why they did so (what were their motives) as well as on whom they count for support (in prayer and on material help). This article is an general conclusion of their answers.
EN
Critics of Christianity in India have frequently accused Christianity of being a predatory, imperialistic religion with absolutist tendencies, and have framed Christian evangelism as an aggressive, uncouth act. More recently, however, and in an idiom that resonates with many contemporary Indians, Swami Dayananda Saraswati (1930-) has made the more controversial claim that the attempt to convert another person is itself an act of violence. In three parts, the paper 1) describes Dayananda’s claims, while bringing them into conversation with the arguments of earlier critics of Christianity (e.g., Mahatma Gandhi, Sita Ram Goel, Ashok Chowgule, Arun Shourie), 2) analyzes and critique Dayananda’s use of the term “violence,” and 3) demonstrate how the claim that conversion is an act of violence blurs somewhat easily into a justification of acts of violence against those who attempt to convert others. In the end, I argue that whether Dayananda’s claim that proselytization is a form of violence makes sense depends not only on one’s definition of “violence,” but also on one’s definition of “religion.”
PL
Konserwacja, promocja i digitalizacja zbiorów w Bibliotece Zgromadzenia Księży Misjonarzy w Krakowie Abstrakt: Celem artykułu jest omówienie działań podejmowanych w Bibliotece Zgromadzenia Księży Misjonarzy w Krakowie na rzecz ochrony, promocji oraz udostępniania zbiorów. Na początku XXI w. rozpoczęto wieloletni projekt konserwacji. Do konserwacji pełnej przeznaczono 20 woluminów, około 800 książek poddano konserwacji zachowawczej. W ramach promocji zorganizowano łącznie 12 wystaw. Na pięciu z nich zaprezentowano książki poddane konserwacji. Na pozostałych siedmiu przedstawiono woluminy najcenniejsze pod względem treści, opraw i znaków własnościowych. W trosce o lepszy dostęp do wybranych woluminów przeprowadzono digitalizację najcenniejszych książek. Część z nich jest dostępna online.
EN
The purpose of the article is to present the activities engaged in the Library of the Congregation of the Mission for the protection, promotion and the making accessible of the collections. At the beginning of the 21st century the many -year project of conservation was started. Twenty volumes were earmarked for complete preservation, about 800 books underwent conservation. Within the framework of promotion one organised a total of 12 exhibitions. The purpose of five of them was to present books which were subject to conservation. The remaining seven ones presented the most worthwhile volumes in terms of content, covers and marks of ownership. In order to ensure better access to selected volumes one digitised the most worthwhile books. A part of them is available online.
EN
Prior to 1897, Sino‑German relations were generally peaceful and in some respects beneficiary. Yet since the seizure of Jiaozhou, Germany was following a policy of harshness and used any opportunity to exert pressure on China. This was due to widespread feeling of racial, cultural, and religious superiority. Even though Germany wasn’t the first great power to gain Chinese territory after the Sino‑Japanese War, German seizure of Jiaozhou started the Scramble for Concessions. Christian missionaries didn’t respect Chinese beliefs, and they were in most cases supporting their converts against Chinese justice at all costs. The missionaries themselves were supported by Germany. German military had undertaken many punitive expeditions against inhabitants of Shandong, thus radicalized the people. At the same time, the “Boxer” movement had emerged in Shandong Due to inappropriate response of the authorities, the movement gained significance, and at the eve of the year 1900 it was ready to cause havoc in the metropolitan province of Zhili. At the court in Beijing, the most influential group was represented by anti‑foreign aristocrats.
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