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The Historical Grounds of the Turkish Women’s Movement

100%

Merçil I., Senemoğl O.

Human and Social Studies

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 1

13-27

EN

In this article the authors would like to present a history of the Turkish feminist movement. The roots of the feminist movement go back to the last decades of Ottoman Empire in Turkey when westernisation had started to take place. During the firts decade of the Republic many steps were taken to enable women to get involved in public, political and professional life and to encourage more equality in family matters. Women’s emancipation became a significant symbol of modernity. Kemalist reforms attemted to create a new woman who could take place in public sphere with the men. During the 1970’s the movement of women almost disappeared in nationalist and socialist movements. After the military intervention in 1980 new female actors (such as Islamist, Kurdish, Alevite) started to present new demands and change the nature of feminist movement in Turkey.

2

Věrná — černá — rudá. Identita města Plzně v letech 1860–1938

88%

Vedral P.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2017

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issue 25

23-36

EN

The main topic of the article is the identity of Pilsen, a city in Western Bohemia, from 1860 to the end of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1938. The aim is to show several ‘proposals’ of the identity and to examine why some of them won and other vanished. The author is therefore seeking the answer to the question how is the urban identity formed, why is it gaining support (and vice versa), who articulates it and where lies the main legitimization. This is all happening during complex social processes. In 1938, Pilsen was town renown for its industry and it was home to many political and nationalist organizations. However, industrialization (or generally speaking modernization), modern nationalism and mass political movements were quite weak or even absent in 1860. Urban identity was to a certain extent formed by these processes. Black Pilsen was associated with the industry, Red Pilsen with the socialist movement and Loyal Pilsen with the nationalist movement. But we should not think of it as a mechanical process, meanings could change and do. Identity, self-understanding and self-projection, is not independent of the will and abilities of people. The method of this article could thus be compared to a dialogue, dialogue between Czechs and Germans, between the political parties, between the elites and their clients, between the region and the center. It could be one-sided dialogue, but dialogue still.

3

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk i jego współczesny wizerunek w społeczeństwie tureckim

63%

Kontek K.

Etnografia Polska

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2011

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vol. 55

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issue 1-2

227-248

EN

The picture of contemporary Turkey is the result of a complex process of change, which cannot be painted without getting deeper into the history of this country. There are important stages for the evolution of the Turkish politics in the history of the Ottoman Empire like laying the foundations of the present Republic (the first attempt is the Tanzimat Reforms to decrease the gap between the Empire and the Western countries), and the Young Turk Movement activities, Thanks to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who played a major role in the road to freedom and modernization of the country, today we can speak about the Republic of Turkey. Separating the state from religion, Atatürk created a new secular country, cut off in this way from the current output of the Ottoman Empire. The ideas of Kemalism, implemented in the life of the Turkish society through reforms which contributed to the creation of a new nation and the significant development of the country in many areas. With the reformist activities of Mustafa Kemal, Turkey has become a modern country gaining a lot on the international area. Therefore, this situation has made Turkey try to join the European Union. Hence in Turkey there is an understandable respect and glorification for Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, widely recognized as the great leader and national hero. As quoted in the article, parts of interviews have indicated that Atatürk is still well-known, highly appreciated and alive in the minds of the Turks. Turkish people are proud of him and they are well aware of the importance of his reforms for the fate of the country, often looking at his figure uncritically.

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1 Etnografia Polska

1 Human and Social Studies

1 Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

1 Kontek K.

1 Merçil I.

1 Senemoğl O.

1 Vedral P.

1 2017

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The Historical Grounds of the Turkish Women’s Movement

Věrná — černá — rudá. Identita města Plzně v letech 1860–1938

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk i jego współczesny wizerunek w społeczeństwie tureckim