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EN
The present article concerns the place and significance of literature in the life and works of Stanisław Moniuszko, a composer who created different musico-literary genres, songs, operas, can- tatas as well as stage music for dramas. Moniuszko’s correspondence, which often featured litera- ture-related topics, constitutes the basis for the analysis of literary contexts of his works. The com- poser wrote about his favourite books, poets and writers as well as the lyrics to songs and librettos. Above all, however, his letters contain evidence of his search for new librettos in the existing liter- ary texts and numerous traces of his attempts to invite contemporary writers, poets and playwrights to collaborate on musico-dramatic works. The letters written to several eminent representatives of mid-century Polish literature are a testament to Moniuszko’s ambitious intentions. The contents of those letters also confirm that it was difficult for the composer to find a writer who would collabo- rate with him as the author of the lyrics to a musico-dramatic piece. The article also presents a collection of Moniuszko’s librettists, which includes the best writers and playwrights of the time. The most remarkable of Moniuszko’s works are well-written in terms of lyrics, which is a proof of the effectiveness of the composer’s efforts and, in the context of the popularity of his works, also of the significance of his achievements, not only for music, but also for the literature and literary culture of the nineteenth century.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy miejsca i znaczenia literatury w życiu i twórczości Stanisława Moniuszki, kompozytora tworzącego różne gatunki literacko-muzyczne – pieśni, opery, kantaty, oraz piszącego muzykę sceniczną do dramatów. Podstawą do analizy kontekstów literackich twórczości Moniuszki jest jego korespondencja, w której pojawiały się tematy literackie. Kompozytor pisał o ulubionych lekturach, poetach i pisarzach, o tekstach pieśni i librettach. Przede wszystkim pozostały w listach dowody na poszukiwanie librett wśród istniejących tekstów literackich oraz liczne ślady prób zaproszenia do współpracy przy dziełach dramatyczno-muzycznych pisarzy, poetów i dramatopisarzy współczesnych Moniuszce. Listy pisane do kilku wybitnych przedstawicieli literatury polskiej połowy XIX wieku świadczą o ambitnych zamiarach Moniuszki. Treść tych listów potwierdza również, jak trudno było kompozytorowi pozyskać do współpracy pisarzy w roli autora tekstu do utworu dramatyczno-muzycznego. W artykule przedstawiona została galeria librecistów Moniuszki, wśród których znaleźli się najlepsi pisarze i dramatopisarze epoki. Najwybitniejsze dzieła Moniuszki są utworami z udaną warstwą literacką, co jest dowodem na skuteczność zabiegów kompozytora, a w kontekście popularności jego twórczości – także na znaczenie dorobku Moniuszki nie tylko dla muzyki, ale również dla literatury i kultury literackiej.
EN
The present work focuses on literary inspirations and artistic value of song lyrics included in the twelve-volume anthology of Stanisław Moniuszko’s songs known as the Home Songbook. The composer, who was born in the Minsk gubernia during the period of Russian partition, maintained strong bond with the Eastern frontier of Poland. The research conducted by the author of this study shows that Moniuszko used the texts created by 97 poets including many artists coming from the Eastern part of Poland (e.g. A. Mickiewicz, J. Czeczot, S. Witwicki, W. Syrokomla, J. Prusinowski etc.); in the collection of 364 songs and duos only 40 lyrics were written by foreign authors. Moniuszko’s work, with all their richness and diversity, played an important part in the cultivation of national identity of the Poles living under the Tsar’s rule; the Belarussians claim that a great deal of his songs have their roots in Belarusian folk culture.
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