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Urbanonymie malých sídel na příkladu Moravy - explorativní analýza

100%
Mácha P.
Acta onomastica
|
2023
|
vol. 64
|
issue 1
88-103
EN
The article provides information about urbanonyms in small settlements. On the basis of a representative sample of Moravian villages, it estimates the number of municipalities with urbanonyms and it summarizes their character, motivation, and level of identification. The predominant motivation is the orientation function followed by traditional oral names and honorification. The predominant level of identification is the local level. The greatest diversity exists in traditional oral names, which account for the largest proportion of unique names and occurrences. The analytical part tests variables that may explain the introduction of street names, their frequency and their character. It shows that the proximity to larger cities and the population size of a community are related to the presence of urbanonyms, their number and partly their character. Significant differences also exist between towns on the one hand and townlets and villages on the other. Towns have a greater proportion of honorific names and names with international and national levels of identification, while townlets and villages have a greater proportion of traditional oral names and names with regional and local levels of identification. In this respect, small towns are more like large cities than townlets and villages of the same size.
2
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Několik poznámek k vývoji antroponymického paradigmatu na moravském venkově v 15. a 16. století

94%
Pastyřík S.
Acta onomastica
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2017
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vol. 58
115-120
EN
This material contribution dealing with anthroponyms in Central Moravian region in the 15th and 16th centuries is loosely based on the author’s earlier article about medieval personal names in Moravia in the 17th and 18th centuries. Material obtained from the regional monograph is the bases for author’s personal reflection on the development of anthroponymical paradigm in Moravian countryside.
3
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O jednom pokusu o systematizaci a výklad židovských příjmení

84%
Dvořáková Ž.
Acta onomastica
|
2023
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vol. 64
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issue 1
203-209
EN
The contribution is a critique of the article by J. Klenovský, who presented his own classification of the surnames of Moravian Jews. However, the thesis shows many professional shortcomings (e.g. missing citations, insufficient description of the material) and many of the presented etymological interpretations are highly questionable.
4
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Mizení příjmení a jejich variant (sonda do příjmení začínajících písmenem K):

67%
Dvořáková Ž.
Acta onomastica
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2020
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vol. 61
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issue 2
311-331
EN
The study compares the surnames from the Tax Lists from Bohemia (1654) and Moravia and Silesia (1669‒1679) with those from the current surname list (2017), with the aim to map the changes of the onymic system. A special attention is paid to changes in the names beginning with the letter K, with a particular focus on surnames which have already become extinct or they are about to disappear soon. The reasons for the disappearance of surnames are primarily biological (no sons in the family). However, some family names have been changed over the years, and another reason is the migration, which has had an impact on the onymic system as well. The system of Czech surnames underwent great changes as a result of the Second World War, when some Jewish surnames disappeared and the surnames of the expelled German inhabitants were lost. The article also poses a question which surnames can actually be considered to be Czech.
5
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Seznamy vězňů tzv. cikánských koncentračních táborů očima onomastiky

67%
Dvořáková Ž.
Onomastica
|
2022
|
vol. 66
65-83
EN
Two concentration camps were established for Roma people in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 1942. Roma from Bohemia were deported to Lety and Roma from Moravia to the camp near Hodonín u Kunštátu, before most of them were murdered in the “Gypsy family camp” (Zigeunerlager) in Auschwitz II. Birkenau. The lists of prisoners are valuable not only for historians (they were published previously by the historian Ctibor Nečas), but also for onomastics, as they allow us to analyse the naming practise of Czech and Moravian Roma in the pre-war period. There are 325 unique surnames on these lists, with most of them being Czech or German, and they thus demonstrate the connection with the territory and its language(s). The study discusses the most common Roma surnames in Moravia (e.g. Daniel, Holomek, Burianský) and in Bohemia (e.g. Růžička, Janeček, Vrba) as well as the surnames of Sinti living in the Czech borderland regions (e.g. Winter). It is shown that the surnames of Roma from Bohemia and Moravia were different due to the historical and social reasons. They were mostly derived from personal names (e.g. Florián) and place names (e.g. Dubský), they were motivated by the occupation adopted (e.g. Kovář ‘smith’) or the character and appearance of the individual (e.g. Malík ‘small’). After the war, only 583 of the 4,870 Roma who had been imprisoned returned.
CS
Na území Protektorátu Čechy a Moravy byly v roce 1942 zřízeny dva tzv. cikánské koncentrační tábory. Romové z Čech byly deportováni do tábora v Letech, Romové z Moravy a Slezska do tábora nedaleko Hodonína u Kunštátu. Většina z nich poté byla zavražděna v “cikánském rodinném táboře” (Zigeunerlager) v Osvětimi II. Březince. Seznamy vězňů jsou velmi cenné nejen pro historiky (byly vydány historikem Ctiborem Nečasem), ale i pro onomastiky, neboť nám dovolují nahlédnout do pojmenovávacích zvyklostí českých a moravských Romů v předválečném období. Na těchto seznamech nacházíme 325 příjmení. Většina z nich je česká, popř. německá, a dokládají tak sepětí s tímto územím a jeho jazykem/jazyky. Studie analyzuje nejčastější příjmení na Moravě (např. Daniel, Holomek a Burianský) i v Čechách (např. Růžička, Vrba a Janeček), stejně jako příjmení Sintů žijících v oblasti Sudet (např. Winter, Bernhardt). Ukazuje se, že příjmení Romů v Čechách a na Moravě byla odlišná, což bylo dáno historickými a sociálními příčinami. Nejčastěji byla odvozena z osobních jmen (např. Florián) nebo toponym (např. Dubský), byla motivována povoláním (např. Kovář) nebo charakterem a vzhledem (např. Malík). Po válce se z 4 870 Romů vrátilo jen 583.
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