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EN
This text discusses the history of the Ethnographic Department during the 1938–1948 period, i.e., chiefly during the Second World War and the Third Czechoslovak Republic. There was the significant shift in the ideological concept of the National Museum, as the institution progressed from the ideology of Czechoslovakism to defence of the Czech nation, and it was also necessary to deal with the pervading Nazi ideology and its specific manifestations (e.g., Germanization and Aryanization). On a practical level, the department primarily had to cope with a lack of space, as well as the gradual loss of and the fluctuations in staff. The fate of Drahomíra Stránská, who was a key figure in the museum’s ethnography, is also discussed. On a conceptual level, the department did not advance much and remained at the level of descriptive or comparative ethnography with an emphasis on other Slavic nations and the domestic environment.
CS
Text se zabývá dějinami Národopisného oddělení v letech 1938 – 1948, tedy především v letech II. světové války a tzv. třetí republiky. Výrazně se posunula ideologická rovina existence NM, od idejí čechoslovakismu přešla instituce k obhajobě českého národa a bylo také třeba se vyrovnat s pronikající ideologií nacistickou a jejími konkrétními projevy (germanizace, arizace). V praktické rovině se oddělení potýkalo především s nedostatkem místa a postupně také s tenčícím se personálním zabezpečením či jeho nestabilitou. Pozornost je směřována také na osudy klíčové osobnosti muzejní etnografie, Drahomíry Stránské. V rovině konceptuální se oddělení příliš neposouvalo a zůstávalo na pozicích popisného či srovnávacího národopisu s důrazem na ostatní slovanské národy, případně na domácí prostředí.
2
84%
EN
Zbyněk Žába largely contributed to the popularization of history and culture of ancient Egypt in Czechoslovakia through his frequent cooperation with the National Museum. He helped to organize a number of exhibitions. He determined and published several objects from the museum’s collections in catalogues, as well as scholarly and popular journals. The National Museum also received a share of finds from the excavations of the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology in Abusir and Nubia directed by Zbyněk Žába. After Žába’s death, his private collection of Egyptian antiquities was sold to the museum.
EN
Severing Original Roots or Kicking Off the International Prestige of a New Field?: Normalisation and Its Influence on the Formation of Czechoslovak Museology
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