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EN
In the article investigates the main factors that influence the establishment of an optimal balance between economic growth and the level of human pressure on the environment. The based on analysis of these factors are identified seven types of consumption of unrenewable natural resources, which determine the features of their domestic consumption. In the article suggests the scientific and methodological position to build intersectoral ecological-economic model. The analysis of the optimal and the actual parameters of the national economy and on that basis found the optimal trajectory of development of the Ukrainian economy.
EN
By now the utilisation of theoretical knowledge of forecasting relied on economic system of a national economy. But the share of foreign capital in the national economy is increasing and it is not more possible to explain the phenomenon of economic development - and to forecast too - only on the base of internal disposition of individual countries. There are enclaves emerging in a national economy which are subordinated to different development determinations. These changes are proved not only by evidence but by the theory as well. On other hand, picture of global economy is rather fragmented than compact. It outlines that the processes running in it are fragmentary too. It seems unlikely to work-out its general theory as well. Different starting points are possible for the orientation in such a future development. Among these, the pragmatic solutions of dominating problems raised by acute necessities of development alone are taken for in this article.
EN
There is substantiated the economic and ecological expediency of energy efficiency increment of the economy of Ukraine. There are analyzed the problems and identified reserves of energy saving in various sectors of national economy. There are supposed the directions of increasing of the alternative sources share in the energy balance of Ukraine.
EN
The main problems that constrain the development of energy saving in Ukraine are explored in the article. The factors which impede the proceeding of programs in energy saving efficiency and conservation were identified, such as: low motivation, lack of information, lack of experience in project financing, low level of organization and coordination of the energy efficiency improving projects. The paper analyzes the international experience of developed countries in the management of energy saving (for example, Germany and Japan). The events that contributed to the successful implementation of energy efficiency programs in these countries were analyzed. The conclusions on the necessity of borrowing of foreign experience and the impossibility of simultaneous solution of environmental problems with rational use of resources are justified in the article. Among the measures that have a significant impact on the energy efficiency of the Ukrainian economy author selected: a large-scale implementation and maintenance of accounting devices of energy resources; modernization heat supply systems of buildings; using of solid fuel, liquefied gas and alternative energy sources; promotion of energy intensive businesses to conserve energy by providing tax incentives.
EN
This paper focuses on the study of the nature, causes and consequences of global instability in an economic and ecological context. It is analyzed some of risk management mechanisms to improve and prevent the destabilizing of economic systems through the analysis of past crises and some global challenges. Considerable attention is paid to finding directions of national economy development in conditions of economic fluctuations and climate changes. It is analyzed energy and agricultural sectors of the national economy in terms of economic and environmental instability. It is proposed perspective directions of national economic policy towards the growth of ecological and economic security.
EN
The paper is devoted to the development of possible ways of national economy development in the conditions of climate change. It is analyzed domestic industry security and revealed sectors which are most vulnerable and climate change dependent. Considerable attention is paid to finding ways to secure the development of the national economy against negative climate change consequences. It is argued the necessity of strategic development of energy, agricultural and recreational sectors of national economy in climate change conditions. Climate change may bring both positive and negative consequences. The negative aspects may include the emergence of new uncontrolled diseases, water scarcity, desertification, etc. At the same time the restructuring of the national economy can bring a positive economic result in certain industries even in climatic change conditions. The paper proposes adaptive mechanisms to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change in order to ensure ecological and economic security.
EN
The paper carried out a study of models of modern trends in special economic zones in the context of national and global economy. Analyzed forms of regulation of regional economic development in the areas of industrial cooperation and the problem of creating an integrated system of the domestic market. We study the effectiveness of various forms of centralized and decentralized control regions.
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