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AFTER BABEL: IDENTITIES IN SEARCH OF NAME

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The paper deals with several aspects of creation and construction of identities in their discursive and historical versions. It looks over narrative tools, which allow ascending and descending symbolic projections, the basic correlation between stimulation and stored information, relations between self-identification and stereotype representation of the other and transposition of inside and outside literary projections. The analysis relates to two contemporary novels that question identification logic: 'Birds without Wings' by British novelist Luis de Bernieres and 'Middlesex' by American writer Jeffrey Eugenides that follow up formation of Turkish and Greek identity. The 20th century brought disintegration of empires, change in national stereotypes and emblems. We can examine this process in literary works in term of narrations or narrative voices. The both novels follow the process from the inside and 'innocent' perspective of victims, who left written and verbal records.
EN
The article aims at describing some of the particulars of the formation of national identities in the 19th century in the work of Ján Palárik (1822 – 1870) Inkognito ([Incognito]1858) and Ján Kalinčiak (1822 – 1871) Reštavrácia ([County elections], 1860), Milkov hrob ([Milko’s grave]1845/1846), and Knieža liptovské ([Prince of Liptov], 1852). The article analyses these works through the prism of Ján Chalupka’s (1791 – 1871) oeuvre which, with regards to identities, seeks a balance between national identities in the multilingual Hungary. Ján Palárik and Ján Kalinčiak strive for similar goals in these works. Key notions in this regard are future and progress which is connected with youth. Starting point in this respect is the self-reflective space of the fictitious town of Kocúrkovo as the space of a possible, projected change embodied in the character of the young teacher Svoboda. Attention is devoted to the hypothesised reasons underlying those attitudes that diverge from the notions established in (national) cultural memory (such as the problem of the relationship towards Hungarian literary tradition or interpretations of the past). The article mainly focuses on the elements reflecting the relationship towards the Hungarian context of the times.
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