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EN
The author confronts homogenous linear model of history of national literatures based on exclusion, alteration, singularity, and juvenility. Model of the literary history is presented as a synoptic map presenting poly-functionality, poly-focal and poly-perspective characters, poly-chronic and poly-territorial aspects. He proposed a concept of trans-local Middle-European national literary history coming out from their inner difference and outer plurality, and their belonging to the cultural memory of the Middle-Europe.
EN
The author in his article comes out from the experiences they have as a group of authors writing a publication on history of Hungarian Literature. He reflects problems relating to such type of work. They mostly concerned determination of the object what the national literature is, description of the concept of what become a part of literature, as well as acceptance of plurality in the concept of the history resigned to 'big narrations'.
EN
The article is an analysis of subjectivity of the history of literature created by individual subjects (internal and external subject of an author) but also impersonal subjects. He states limits and mechanisms creating context overlapping individual level of the historian's discourse. He also studies narrative and pragmatic constants managing historical narration. The hero of that - internal subject - is a national literature itself.
EN
The article is an analysis of model describing constitution and transformation of detective genre and he confronts it with a generic model of history of national literature.
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THE END OF WORLD LITERATURE?

100%
World Literature Studies
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2023
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vol. 15
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issue 3
73 – 88
EN
The idea of world literature arose as a cultural counterpart to the process of globalization. However, since literature is organized within discrete traditions, the possibility of a world literature depends not just on increasing economic ties, but upon the formation of a global tradition. Since a tradition can only maintain its unity to the extent that it forms a single public sphere, the lack of a global public sphere undermines the possibility of a single world literature. The measure of this fragmentation is differences between public spheres defined by nation-state sovereignty.
EN
Abandoning its exact subject and methodological delimitation, contemporary comparative literature rather takes the form of intellectual reflection whose interdisciplinary linkage lies in the aspect of comparison. Among the major contemporary initiatives, the most prominent are two, known as the intercultural research and imagology. Whereas intercultural comparative studies explore interlocution between cultures through understanding 'otherness', imagology deals with the themes and motifs of the 'other landscapes' in literary texts, using its own and the other people's images. Such images mostly originate in the form of stereotypes and myths representing concrete social and ethnic communities. Thus both methods which exploit emotional experience in the literary communication can advance dialogue between nations (e.g. Czech-German or Slovak-Hungarian relations).
7
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COMPARATISM AND THE CRISIS OF LITERARY STUDIES

75%
EN
The article is an analysis of René Wellek’s contribution to the theory of comparative literature. It draws on his characterization of the crisis of comparative literature presented at the 2nd Congress of ICLA in the USA, and continues with the interpretation of some of his other opinions concerning the situation in which literary studies in the USA found itself at the end of the 20th century. They are included especially in his articles “The Attack on Literature” and “Destroying Literary Studies.” René Wellek’s theoretical opinions are analysed especially in the context of emerging cultural studies and their ideologization of literature in general, formally expressed, for example, in the Bernheimer Report for the American Association of Comparative Literature. The author points out that the future of the comparative literature lies not in its use of ideological contexts but in its ability to draw attention to universal principles and values, perhaps thorough the conceptions of inter-literariness and world literature, and thus overcome the harmfulness of separatist tendencies fed by particularisms of various types.
EN
Ján Čajak´s novel The Rovesný Family (1909) was consciously composed as a work set in the present. It widely responded to the current problems of that time but in a way it also took account of the contemporary readers´ preferences and literary genre patterns. Within the framework of the contemporary genre range it employs three types of narrative with three different types of topics/motifs: 1. the ideological narrative (the situation of the national education system in the Hungarian Empire after adopting the school, so called Appony´s laws in the year 1906, in the inter-ethnic relationship Hungarians – Slovaks), 2. the national narrative (national movements: the renegades versus the nationally aware – as an internal problem of the national community) and 3. the strait narrative (love and personal, partnership problems). Each of the narratives has a different modality (radical criticism – schematism – sentimentalism) and a different extent of employing the reality, ideality and fiction (realism/documentarism – idealism – fictiousness/literariness). At the same time the narrations in question fall into three genre patterns: 1. the political novel (realistic depiction of the situation in the national education system full of disillusion having a tragic ending), 2. the initiation novel (containing obvious utopian features, initiation of a young person into the national struggle and inflaming him/her for the national issues in utopian ideal world), 3. the romance (sentimental) novel (accenting the partners´ different ethnicity and social inequality, alternatively similarity of their national beliefs and economic independence and equality of each of the partners). Differentiating between the individual layers discloses the discourse status in Čajak´s prose, demonstrating the stylistic disparity of the individual storylines. The author´s ideological solution lies in questioning the passive approach and celebrating the activity regardless of nationality and moral credit.
World Literature Studies
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2023
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vol. 15
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issue 3
45 – 61
EN
In recent years, online fiction has emerged as a new form of Chinese literature, not only with a huge domestic readership, but also as a form increasingly favoured by readers from various countries, becoming a new literary landscape in the world. Whether the emergence of Chinese online literature has had an impact on the existing world literature and its complex relationship with national literature deserves in-depth study. Taking world literature as a theoretical perspective, this paper compares the origins of Chinese online literature and its development history, explores its translation and circulation mechanisms, and probes its relationship with the canon in order to discover potential new constructions of world literature. This article finds that Chinese online literature originated from the Chinese complex of overseas wanderers, and its early writing was characterized by a mishmash of Chinese and Western influences. In the process of its development, Chinese online literature has emphasized the highlighting of traditional Chinese cultural elements, while on the other hand, it has continuously absorbed and localized the essence of world popular literature and culture. Chinese online literature is not Chinese literature in the first place, but the literature of the network. The value of Chinese online literature does not stay at the level of aesthetic value but lies in its unique literary concept of shuang and a post-aesthetic paradigm. The above shows that Chinese online literature is a typical representation of the cultural exchange between China and the West in the Internet era, a post-aesthetic world literature with translation and circulation as its fundamental premise, and a new representative of popular literature into world literature.
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