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Evaluating Approaches to Wartime Mass Evacuation Management in Eastern NATO Territories: A Literature Review

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Borowska-Stefańska M., Goniewicz K., Grama V., Hornak M., Masierek E., Morar C., Penzes J., Rochovska A., Wiśniewski S.

Safety & Defense

2023

vol. 1

The eastern flank of NATO has been a region of strategic importance due to its proximity to Russia. Moreover, tensions have escalated in recent years following Russia’s annexation of Crimea and military intervention in Ukraine. As a result, questions have emerged regarding the preparedness of NATO’s eastern flank in the event of a military conflict. One critical aspect of preparedness is the ability of its inhabitants to move and relocate to safer areas during a crisis. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on the mass evacuation of civilians, focusing on the spatial mobility of residents of NATO’s eastern flank in the event of a military conflict on their territory. It delves into the availability of transportation infrastructure and the supply of resources for relocation, factors crucial for spatial mobility during military conflict. Additionally, the article explores the potential impact of critical infrastructure destruction and the complex behavioral issues affecting evacuation. The study’s findings reveal that both logistical and human factors must be considered in evacuation planning, contributing to the state of the art in this field. The implications of this work reach beyond immediate preparedness strategies, suggesting the need for a holistic approach that combines infrastructure development, resource allocation, human behavior understanding, and international coordination. By highlighting these nuances, the article offers valuable insights that may inform policymakers and practitioners in developing more effective, resilient strategies for managing mass evacuations during times of crisis, reflecting broader concerns about regional security and humanitarian response.

Air security of NATO’s eastern flank: threats and challenges

80%

Michalski D., Bernat P.

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

2020

vol. 52

issue 2(196)

352-365

Artykuł skupia się na ocenie bezpieczeństwa powietrznego wschodniej flanki NATO w kontekście dynamicznych zmian w jego bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie. Autorzy rozpoczynając od przeglądu obecnej sytuacji w zakresie bezpieczeństwa powietrznego w regionie, dokonali analizy rozwoju tego środowiska. Szczególną uwagę zwracając przy tym na proces modernizacji systemów rakietowych, sił powietrznych i kosmicznych Federacji Rosyjskiej, zarówno pod względem jakościowym jak i ilościowym. Wyzwania wynikające z nowej sytuacji zostały porównane z obecnymi i przyszłymi zdolnościami obronnymi NATO przed zagrożeniami lotniczymi.

The focal point of the paper is to assess the air security on the NATO’s eastern flank in the context of the dynamic changes that have occurred in its immediate vicinity. The authors, beginning with an overview of the current framework of the air security situation in the region, have analysed the developments that have taken place in that regard. The modernisation of missile systems, as well as air and space forces by the Russian Federation, both in qualitative and quantitative terms, have been the subject of thorough scrutiny. The challenges generated by the new situation have been weighed against the current and future NATO’s defence capabilities against air threats.

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1 Safety & Defense

1 Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

1 Bernat P.

1 Borowska-Stefańska M.

1 Goniewicz K.

1 Grama V.

1 Hornak M.

1 Masierek E.

1 Michalski D.

1 Morar C.

1 Penzes J.

1 Rochovska A.

1 Wiśniewski S.

1 2023

1 2020

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Evaluating Approaches to Wartime Mass Evacuation Management in Eastern NATO Territories: A Literature Review

Air security of NATO’s eastern flank: threats and challenges