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EVOLUTIONISM OF TADEUSZ GARBOWSKI (1869-1940) (Ewolucjonizm Tadeusza Garbowskiego (1869-1940))

100%
Sienko D.
Semina Scientiarum
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2010
|
vol. 9
35-70
EN
Tadeusz Garbowski, a professor of zoology and philosophy at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow and an evolutionist, was a representative of neo-Darwinism. He maintained that both genetic and environmental factors have influence on the characteristics of the living organisms and that natural selection, sexual selection and geographical isolation of the population are the main mechanisms of evolution. He was convinced that all living organisms share a common origin. He also claimed that the somatic and psychic phenomena have identical biological nature, and the division of the body and soul is theoretical only. Accepting the principle of methodological naturalism, he explained natural phenomena by natural factors, however he was not an ontological monist. Evolutionary vision of the natural world led him to an ecological approach to zoology, to develop foundations of the new science - psychogenetic and of the new philosophical system - homogenism.
2

Teoria inteligentnego projektu a ewolucjonizm

100%
Sagan D.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2013
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vol. 41
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issue 2
75 - 96
EN
According to intelligent design theory certain natural phenomena were designed by an intelligent being. The patterns found in these phenomena are claimed to be evidence for this. Intelligent design theory is proposed as a scientific alternative to naturalistic concepts, which reject the role of intelligence in the natural world. The most common adversary of design theorists is neo-Darwinism. Critics of intelligent design frequently claim that it is anti-evolutionary. I argue that such an approach leads to misunderstandings. The term „evolution" is ambiguous and intelligent design theory is not „anti-evolutionist" in every sense of the term. It is anti-evolutionist only if evolution is understood naturalistically, as excluding the activity of intelligence from every step of a natural process. Furthermore, a design theorist can be a naturalistic evolutionist in one domain, such as biology, while accepting design arguments in another, such as cosmology. Intelligent design theory does not even require the rejection of neo-Darwinism.
3

Discussion of Evolution Between Neo-Lamarckism and Neo-Darwinism in the Czech Lands, 1900–1915

75%
Hermann T., Simunek M.
Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)
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2010
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vol. 32
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issue 3
283-300
EN
The present study focuses on the impact which the vast, fundamental changes in biology of the late 19th and early 20th century had in the Czech Lands. Until the WWI, there existed several distinct and often mutually contradictory theories of evolution of organisms. In the Czech Lands, this multitude of theoretical explanations was complemented by a multi-layered cultural and scientific environment, where Czech and German biology influenced each other and met at various autonomous institutions. One should also keep in mind the differences between Prague and Brno, each a local centre with its scientific traditions and independent links to both Vienna and other European universities. The main subject of this paper are the theoretical biologists who had long-term impact on Czech biological thought or influenced it directly by working here. In about 1900-1915, we witness the first clear and recognised peak in the Czech reception of evolutionism.
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