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1

NEOCLASSICISM IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF RIGA (Klasicisms Rigas arhitektura)

100%
Zilgalvis J.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
|
2004
|
vol. 4
57-72
EN
In the 1770s Baroque and Rococo styles were replaced by Neoclassicism in Riga architecture. The first public building that embodied the new stylistic ideas was the Town Hall (1750-1765, arch. Johann Friedrich von Ettinger). In the 2nd half of the 18th century Old Riga started to change more rapidly. In 1785 Mater Dolorosa Catholic Church was erected, a new volume was added to the Riga Castle, creating a new facade (1783, arch. Johann Peter Bock), and a new square - the public centre of the town - was laid out in front of the castle. Adjacent buildings were supplemented with the Imperial Lyceum at Castle Square 2 (1785-1787, arch. Matthias Schons). In the Latvian architecture Neoclassicism has spilt in two trends. The first trend was influenced by the German and Russian Neoclassicism while the second was the so-called Civic Neoclassicism that had grown out of the local cultural-historical and social conditions. The main representative of the Civic Neoclassicism was Christoph Haberland (1750-1803). He designed dwelling houses at Miesnieku Street I (1779), Pils Street 6 (1795), Maza Pils Street 1 and 3, Teatra Street 6 (1785), Zirgu Street 28, merchant Morrison's house at Smilsu Street 5 (1787-1794), Johann Samuel Hollander's house at Skunu Street 17 (1787) and others. An important event in Riga was the library reconstruction at the Eastern wing of the Dome Cloister ( 1778-1787, arch. Christoph Haberland) that resulted in a spacious two-floored hall. Johann Hermann von Vietinghoff in his turn created the Musse House at Riharda Vagnera Street (I 78 I 1782, arch. Christoph Haberland). It was a kind of club for aristocracy where the first Riga theatre was housed. The development of Neoclassicist architecture in Riga influenced also sacred buildings, like St. Gertrud's Lutheran Church (1779-1781), St. Peter and St. Paul's Orthodox Church in the Citadel (1781-1785, arch. Sigismund Seege von Laurenberg) and Katlakalns Lutheran Church (1791-1792, arch. Christoph Haberland). As towns of the Russian Empire developed, there was a need to create a stylistically and compositionally unified environment. For this reason albums of exemplary facades were published in 1809 and 1812. They were used in Riga up to 1850.
2

VICARAGES IN RIGA (Rigas pastorati)

88%
Zilgalvis J.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
|
2004
|
vol. 4
73-80
EN
Vicarages of Lutheran parishes, presbyteries of Catholic priests and houses of Orthodox priests make up an important part of the Latvian cultural heritage where specific traits of architectural development and traditions as well as events of cultural history are intertwined. Usually vicarages have been built together with parish churches, for example, the vicarage of Riga Reformers' parish whose origins are found in 1745. The period of Neoclassicism is typified by St. James' Church vicarage (1733, 1878, 1882), Mater Dolorosa Catholic Church presbytery (1780) and the Lutheran vicarage in Tornakalns (1st half of the 19th century). An early example of Neoclassicism is also St. Peter and 5t. Paul's Orthodox Church priests' and servants' house in the Citadel (1783-1785). Eclecticism is also strongly present In the architecture of Riga pastors' houses, for example, St. Martin's Lutheran Church vicarage at Martina Street 3 or St. Paul's Lutheran vicarage (1898, architect Hermann Hilbig). An outstanding example of Neo-Gothic and the so-called brick style is St. Francis' Catholic presbytery that includes also congregation and school premises (1889 1892, arch. Florian von Wiganowsky). Priests' and servants' house of the Annunciation Orthodox Church at Turgeneva Street 21 (1896, architect Alexei Kizelbash) stands out with its impressive volumes. St. Trinity Orthodox Cathedral priest's and servants' house at K. Barona Street 126 features the so-called summer cottage style of the last quarter of the 19th century. The famous Flemish artist and architect Henry van de Velde has designed St. Peter's school and vicarage building in Riga, Valnu Street 20 (1912). Another important figure was the local architect Wilhelm Bockslaff who designed the vicarage for the German congregation of Riga St. Martin's Lutheran Church. In the 1930s St. John's Lutheran Church vicarage is worth of attention (1930 1931, arch. Eizens Laube). A number of historically and architecturally singular priests' houses have survived in Riga. Some of them are real pearls of architecture that have retained their original material substance and look.
3

MAULBERTSCHOVA FRESKA VE FILOSOFICKÉM SÁLE STRAHOVSKÉ KNIHOVNY: FORMA A TECHNIKA

75%
Šeferisová Loudová M.
ARS
|
2010
|
vol. 43
|
issue 2
259-275
EN
The article analyses a monumental vault painting by noted artist Franz Anton Maulbertsch in the Philosophical Hall of the Strahov Library depicting 'The Spiritual Development of the Mankind' (1794). The painting shows a merger of two approaches: Maulbertsch's Baroque fresco techniques and drawing techniques of his student Martin Michl, who is to be counted among the artists of Neoclassicism.
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