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1

CHOSEN PROBLEMS OF THE EURO ZONE ENLARGEMENT

100%

Balcerzak A., Gorecka D., Rogalska E.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2007

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vol. 2

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issue 1

1-11

EN

The article investigates a problem of the euro introduction by new members of the European Union. It presents some potential benefits and costs of entry to European Monetary Union in the context of its present and future functioning. Then it discusses some advantages and disadvantages of postponing joining the euro-zone. Besides, potential meaning and consequences of giving a target date of introduction of the euro by a country and possible scenarios that can be taken at this way are presented in the paper. Since the 1st January 2007 Euroland comprises 13 countries. The finance ministers of EU member states have approved of Slovenia's admission to the euro area. The application of Lithuania was rejected - European Commission and European Central Bank have judged that it has not fulfilled the inflation convergence criterion. With regard to this event, the article touches an issue of the need for reconsidering the Maastricht criteria which presently seem to be a source of many content-related and interpretation doubts. It also investigates the requirement for adjusting the convergence criteria to the fact that the euro-zone has already been in existence.

2

Hromadianske suspilstvo v starykh ta novykh derzhavakh-chlenakh YeS. Ideolohia, instytutsii ta prosuvannia demokratii

75%

Lane D.

Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)

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2011

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issue 2

37-58

EN

The paper examines the significance of ‘civil society’ promotion as a component of the new modes of governance proposed within the EU and its member states. The concept of civil society has had different meanings and roles in the evolution of the old and post-communist new EU members. ‘Civil society’ is analyzed as a form of political coordination under capitalism; as a reform ideology in the process of opposition under communism; as a policy legitimizing democratisation; and as an ideological component of neo-liberalism in the enlargement of the European Union. The paper proposes a model distinguishing the different roles played by ‘civil society’ discourse in the transformation of state socialism. In the post-state socialist societies a process of democracy promotion has included the sponsorship of civil society. Analyzed empirically, significant differences are shown between the nature of civil society organizations in the old EU member states, new members and post socialist non members. These data indicate the important changes which have taken place in the new member states. However, in the context of the post-socialist states, in which traditional forms of government have been weakened, there are significant structural weaknesses in civil society organizations. It is shown that there is a serious deficiency with respect to the efficacy of civil society associations as agents in the democratizing process, as well as for the articulation and defence of community interests. It is argued that furthering ‘civil society’ forms of participation and management are a part of a neo-liberal economic and political agenda. It is concluded that strengthening democratic state forms of administration and coordination should be major policy concerns.

3

KWESTIA UCHODŹCÓW W KONTEKŚCIE WYZWAŃ DLA UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ

51%

Mach Z., Styczyńska N.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2016

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vol. 42

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issue 4 (162)

23–34

PL

Kryzys uchodźczy nie jest pierwszym, który w ostatnich dekadach dotknął Europę, ale to on właśnie ukazał wyraźnie podział na Wschód i Zachód. Wielu myślało, że podział ten przestał już istnieć, jednak napływ uchodźców spoza Europy ujawnił wielkie różnice pomiędzy państwami członkowskimi UE i polityką ich rządów. W szczególności państwa tzw. nowej Unii wydają się zdecydowanie przeciwne przyjmowaniu uchodźców i jest to głównie spowodowane postrzeganiem przybyszów jako nadmiernie kulturowo odmiennych, by mogli zintegrować się ze społeczeństwem goszczącym. Państwa Europy Wschodniej wydają się rozumieć wspólnotę narodową jako konstrukt etniczny, wobec czego wykluczają z jej obrębu osoby odmienne kulturowo. Odmowa przyjęcia uchodźców jest również sygnałem o braku solidarności, nie tylko z uchodźcami, ale także z innymi państwami Unii Europejskiej, które z racji swojego położenia są bardziej narażone na ich napływ. Tożsamość europejska w nowych państwach członkowskich jest wciąż w procesie tworzenia, a obecnie opiera się raczej na poczuciu odnoszenia korzyści (głównie ekonomicznych) z członkostwa w UE niż na poczuciu wspólnoty kulturowej.

EN

The migration crisis was not the first that stroke Europe in the recent years but this is the one which confirmed the existence of East-West divide of which many though that has already disappeared. In former post-communist Europe there is a widespread and strong resistance to accepting refugees, mostly caused by the perception of refugees as culturally alien. In the background it seems to be the still prevailing understanding of nation as an ethnic community, which leads to exclusion of cultural others as members of community. The rejection of asylum seekers shows the lack of solidarity not only with asylum seekers themselves, but also with other European nations which are struggling with the crisis. In this way the migration crisis reveals the low level of collective European identity in, but not only, Central and Eastern European countries. European identity among the new members of the EU is mainly based on the expectation of practical, mainly financial gains rather than on a feeling of belonging to one social and cultural community.

Refine search results

1 Olsztyn Economic Journal

1 Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)

1 Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

1 Balcerzak A.

1 Gorecka D.

1 Lane D.

1 Mach Z.

1 Rogalska E.

1 Styczyńska N.

1 2016

1 2011

1 2007

CHOSEN PROBLEMS OF THE EURO ZONE ENLARGEMENT

Hromadianske suspilstvo v starykh ta novykh derzhavakh-chlenakh YeS. Ideolohia, instytutsii ta prosuvannia demokratii

KWESTIA UCHODŹCÓW W KONTEKŚCIE WYZWAŃ DLA UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ